Successful candidates will demonstrate to the examiners that they have knowledge of anatomy relevant to the practise of ophthalmology. In particular, students must demonstrate detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the eye, the orbit & periorbital structures, and the visual pathways. In particular, students must demonstrate detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the eye, the orbit & periorbital structures, and the visual pathways. On completion of this unit of study the successful student will be able to (1) describe the normal anatomical organisation and development of the human eye, orbit and periorbital structures in terms of cells, tissues, organs and systems, (2) describe the principal components of the human visual system and their structure and function and (3) describe how diagnostic imaging may be used in ophthalmic practise.

Successful candidates will demonstrate to the examiners that they have a detailed and comprehensive knowledge of optics relevant to the practise of ophthalmology. Particular emphasis will be placed on the topics of physical, geometrical, physiological and instrument optics. On completion of this unit of study the successful student will be able to (1) describe the physical properties of light and lasers, (2) describe the geometrical principles of light and the laws governing lights interaction with materials and (3) describe the physiological optics of the human eye and how to test this.

This unit of study aims to provide candidates with the theoretical and practical foundations of the practise of cataract and refractive surgery. Successful candidates will demonstrate to the examiners that they have a detailed and comprehensive knowledge of corneal refractive surgery. Candidates should be able to: (1) Describe how an excimer laser, femtosecond laser, conductive and thermal keratoplasty work; (2) Describe how PRK, LASIK. Arcuate keratotomy, conductive keratoplasty are performed; (3) Demonstrate knowledge of the theory behind the lasers involved; (4) Describe indications and contraindications for the above procedures; (5) Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of systemic disease on refractive surgery patients; (6) Describe the management of corneal related refractive surgery complications; (7) Describe the treatments for keratoconus; (8) Demonstrate an understanding of the economics of setting up a refractive surgery practice; (9) Discuss lens based approaches to refractive surgery including lens; (10) Extraction and phakic intra ocular lens choices, including the preoperative; (11) Assessment, surgery and postoperative management; (12) Have an understanding of the management of lens based related refractive surgery adverse events; (13) Understand the evidence for and ethical issues related to refractive surgery.

This unit of study aims to provide candidates with the theoretical and practical foundations of the practise of cataract and refractive surgery. Successful candidates will demonstrate to the examiners that they have a detailed and comprehensive knowledge of corneal and intraocular refractive surgery. Candidates should be able to: (1) Describe how an excimer laser, femtosecond laser, conductive and thermal keratoplasty work; (2) Describe how PRK, LASIK. Arcuate keratotomy, conductive keratoplasty are performed; (3) Demonstrate knowledge of the theory behind the lasers involved; (4) Describe indications and contraindications for the above procedures; (5) Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of systemic disease on refractive surgery patients; (6) Describe the management of corneal related refractive surgery complications; (7) Describe the treatments for keratoconus; (8) Demonstrate an understanding of the economics of setting up a refractive surgery practice; (9) Discuss lens based approaches to refractive surgery; (10) Have an understanding of the management of lens based related refractive surgery adverse events; (11) Understand the evidence for and ethical issues related to refractive surgery.

This unit of study aims to provide candidates with the practical experience and knowledge necessary to assess and perform refractive surgery. This is a mentor-based programme with candidates supervised in a number of clinical and laboratory environments. Emphasis is on pre-operative investigation, surgical skill and post-operative management. Candidates will be required to observe and perform intra- and extra-ocular surgical techniques relevant to refractive surgery. Candidates will rotate through a number of refractive surgical practices and observe refractive surgery taking place utilizing a number of refractive surgical systems. Further candidates will have to attend a number of wet lab sessions designed for the performing of refractive surgical techniques on artificial, animal or human eyes. A logbook of observed and performed surgeries will be kept and used for assessment.

Successful candidates will demonstrate to the examiners that they have a detailed and comprehensive knowledge of the theoretical and practical foundations of the practise of refractive surgery and that in their project they have integrated this knowledge with prior learning and experience. The dissertation may take one of two forms: a written output (report or formal academic composition) on work performed during the candidature from a supervised student project that contains between 8,000-20,000 words or a scientific paper that arises from a supervised student's project and has been submitted to a peer review journal for publication. The scientific paper however still needs to be embedded in a treatise with an expanded introduction and literature review as well as an expanded conclusion/discussion section. Additional methods and results not presented in the scientific paper should also be included. On completion of the dissertation units, the successful student will be able to: (1) Undertake a medical/scientific project and follow it to its completion. (2) Work constructively under the supervision of an ophthalmic supervisor. (3) Display scientific thinking and apply this to refractive surgery. (4) Attempt to publish their dissertation or learn how to publish their work.

Successful candidates will demonstrate to the examiners that they have a detailed and comprehensive knowledge of the theoretical and practical foundations of the practise of refractive surgery and that in their project they have integrated this knowledge with prior learning and experience. The dissertation may take one of two forms: a written output (report or formal academic composition) on work performed during the candidature from a supervised student project that contains between 8,000-20,000 words or a scientific paper that arises from a supervised student's project and has been submitted to a peer review journal for publication. The scientific paper however still needs to be embedded in a treatise with an expanded introduction and literature review as well as an expanded conclusion/discussion section. Additional methods and results not presented in the scientific paper should also be included. On completion of the dissertation units, the successful student will be able to: (1) Undertake a medical/scientific project and follow it to its completion. (2) Work constructively under the supervision of an ophthalmic supervisor. (3) Display scientific thinking and apply this to refractive surgery. (4) Attempt to publish their dissertation or learn how to publish their work.

Successful candidates will demonstrate to the examiners that they have a detailed and comprehensive knowledge of the theoretical and practical foundations of the practise of refractive surgery and that in their project they have integrated this knowledge with prior learning and experience. The dissertation may take on of two forms: a written output (report or formal academic composition) on work performed during the candidature from a supervised student project that contains between 8,000-20,000 words or a scientific paper that arises from a supervised student's project and has been submitted to a peer review journal for publication. The scientific paper however still needs to be embedded in a treatise with an expanded introduction and literature review as well as an expanded conclusion/discussion section. Additional methods and results not presented in the scientific paper should also be included. On completion of this unit of study, the successful student will be able to: (1) Undertake a medical/scientific project and follow it to its completion. (2) Work constructively under the supervision of an ophthalmic supervisor. (3) Display scientific thinking and apply this to refractive surgery. (4) Attempt to publish their dissertation or learn how to publish their work.