The grand challenges of sustainability, climate change, social inequality, health and wellbeing, and corporate misconduct have revealed a critical need to transform business beyond the singular mindset of shareholder primacy. Coupled with this, a business must be proactive in establishing and maintaining its social license to operate as increasing risk and uncertainty has exposed a loss of trust in business. In response, this unit centres on co-creating a responsible business mindset with students based on an understanding that a business is deeply connected with the society and environment in which it operates. It is oriented towards examining the practices of business where organisational and personal considerations for ethical, sustainable, environmental and community objectives are embedded within, and not in conflict with, the desire to be profitable. An understanding of how a responsible business mindset can be shaped by the Sustainable Development Goals, ethical, Indigenous and other relevant frameworks is interwoven with consideration of the evolving legal and institutional structures for corporate governance and the role of business culture in the context of a broader set of stakeholders. Multi-disciplinary insights from the legal, workplace, marketing, accounting and finance perspectives provide context and texture, as students orient themselves with developing responses to practical market realities, drawing on theoretical understandings of a responsible business mindset. This unit integrates a responsible business mindset in all aspects of organisational planning, processes, reporting and decision-making, with the aim to develop future leaders who are not only mindful of the outcomes of responsible business actions, but can also bring critical reflection to such theories and practices.

The 'creative' half of this unit gives students the tools and confidence to come up with something new; to be able to look at a problem in a new way and find innovative solutions and novel alternatives. Students do this at both an individual and team level as well as recognize how organisations can be more creative. The 'analytic' component of this unit is concerned with getting students to be more comfortable with numbers and ways to analyse data. The unit focuses on the application of analytic methods and thinking, rather than theoretical concepts of statistics and mathematics. Although students are introduced to the basic concepts of statistical testing in a very applied way, the focus is on understanding an analytical mindset to critically appreciate the assumptions and limitations of data and analysis techniques.

This unit provides an introduction to the generally accepted accounting principles and practices underlying financial accounting and reporting. The unit introduces students to the concepts and skills required to prepare, analyse, and interpret financial statements.

This unit focuses on microeconomics, the study of choice under scarcity. All businesses, consumers and even countries and their governments have limited resources. This unit provides an introduction to microeconomic analysis focusing on concepts and applications relevant to business. It addresses how individual consumers and firms make decisions and how they interact in markets. Tools are introduced for analysing government policies that address market failures. The unit provides a rigorous platform for further study and a specialisation in business economics as well as providing valuable analytical tools that complement a general business training, regardless of area of study.

This unit introduces foundational concepts in capital markets and corporate finance, equipping students for further studies in the discipline. The firm and the role of financial institutions are explored before developing important skills in financial mathematics. The unit then moves to the valuation of tradable securities and their pricing in the capital markets. The decisions firms make around capital structure and payout policy are studied. The unit concludes with an exploration of information and market efficiency. The tools of finance allow decision makers to navigate risk and uncertainty.

This unit introduces students to the foundations of digital business and the emerging strategic role of information and communication technologies (ICT) in transforming organisations. Students develop an understanding of how ICT come to matter to organisations as they disrupt, change and transform organisations and organisational processes. The unit covers systems issues, information literacy and use, and how various digital technologies work together to create an infrastructure for digital business and how technologies (such as social media) are disrupting 'business as usual'. The role of information systems in capturing and distributing organisational knowledge and in enhancing decision-making is explored. Students gain an understanding of socio-technical networks, how information systems function, and how processes in organisations can be leveraged to create digital innovation and business transformation.

An enterprise's profitability relies on its ability to deliver the products and services that customers want in a cost effective, timely and consistent way. In increasingly competitive and volatile markets, enterprises need a globally focussed, future looking vision for the logistics task, to maintain their competitiveness. Students undertaking this unit are provided a solid foundation in the language, concepts, techniques and principles that underlie the field of global logistics and supply chain management, as well as an understanding of the various components and interactions of the global logistics system. They develop an ability to evaluate how these concepts and components can contribute towards strategically effective and operationally efficient enterprises and supply chains, across a range of industries. Emphasis is given to the creation of customer satisfaction throughout current and likely future trends across all aspects of global logistics and the importance of risk management. Students are also given an overview of the quantitative techniques which support management decision making in the global logistics space.

This unit introduces students to basic principles and language of marketing theory and practice. Marketing principles are examined in relation to a wide variety of products and services, in both commercial and non-commercial domains. An emphasis is placed on strategy planning and the marketing decision process. It is an introduction to the issues and terminology of marketing that can serve as a standalone understanding of the basics of marketing or as a foundation unit for further study in marketing. The unit focuses on the practical analysis marketing and the marketing management process and the development of the marketing mix the components that make up a marketing plan.

This unit highlights the importance of statistical methods and tools for today's managers and analysts and demonstrates how to apply these methods to business problems using real-world data. The quantitative skills that students learn in this unit are useful in all areas of business. Through taking this unit students learn how to model and analyse the relationships within business data; how to identify the appropriate statistical technique in different business environments; how to compute statistics by hand and using special purpose software; how to interpret results in the context of the business problem; and how to forecast using business data. The unit is taught through data-driven examples, exercises and business case studies.

This unit introduces students to essential knowledge, frameworks and tools to manage strategically and innovatively. The unit begins by providing students with a mindsets framework for managing responsibly and sustainably. The core concepts and central frameworks of strategic management are introduced and applied to current case studies. Students are then introduced to the complexity of innovation processes and models for assessing and maximising value for innovation. The concepts and frameworks from across the unit are then brought together as students explore the challenges of managing ethically and responsibly in complex environments.

The Business Practicum offers students an opportunity to interact with a sponsor organisation (e.g., corporate, SME, NFP, government) while working on a project provided by it that requires a specific outcome by the end of the semester. The project examines the sponsor's current activities, challenges and future aspirations. While undertaking the unit, participants research the issues presented by the project and determine its scope and key deliverables in consultation with the sponsor. This process enables students to apply theoretical knowledge learned in class, where it is useful, and critically analyse data found during research to provide possible solutions to the problems identified. The final stage is communicating the key outcomes via a written report to the sponsor at the end of the project. Additionally, for the duration of the project, students are expected to reflect on how they have developed as an individual and as part of a team as a means of developing a professional identity that highlights their distinctive self and to consider their own personal employment strategies while building professional networks.

This unit is available to outstanding students completing the Master of Commerce, Master of Human Resource Management and Industrial Relations, Master of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, and Master of Professional Accounting programs. It involves a professional placement with a business, government, or non-government organisation. It includes preparatory coursework in reflective, professional practice and report writing. Assessment includes a reflective journal and professional report and presentation based on the internship placement. Permission is required to enrol in this unit. Further information and application process is outlined at http://sydney.edu.au/business/study/opportunities/industry_placement_program.

This unit is available to students accepted into the China Industry Placement Program while they undertake a professional placement with a business or a government organisation that has a particular focus on business interests. It includes preparatory coursework in reflective, professional practice and concurrent coursework on research methods, report and other professional writing skills. Assessment includes a reflective journal, a research report related to their work placement, and an oral presentation on the internship placement and international work and study experience. Further information and application process is outlined at http://sydney.edu.au/business/study/opportunities/industry_placement_program

This unit is available to outstanding students and involves a self-sourced professional placement with a business, government, or non-government organisation. It includes preparatory coursework in reflection learning, professional practice and report writing.

International financial crime occupies a leading place on the international governance agenda. It has a devastating impact on national economies, international security and human development. This unit examines key international financial crimes such as investment fraud, corruption, tax evasion, money laundering and terrorist financing. Students gain an understanding of how these crimes are committed, detected and prosecuted. They analyse the changing regulatory environment and the new risks facing businesses and the professions. The role of bank secrecy and tax havens in facilitating financial crime is also studied. There is a special focus on the prevention of financial crime, and the regime for tracing, freezing and recovery of illicit assets. The unit draws on case studies from Australia, the United States, Europe and Asia so as to gain a better appreciation of the national and international responses to international financial crime.

Fintech is an essential component of the modern business world, particularly in relation to lowering costs, increasing efficiency and for promoting financial inclusion. Through this unit students are equipped with an understanding of innovation in the financial system, and how these developments interact with current laws and regulations in the global markets. This unit provides students with insights into a wide range of topics, including smart contracts, crypto-assets and virtual currencies, mobile payments, crowd funding and property law. It also introduces students to existing regulations for digital information. This includes a range of topics such as privacy laws, artificial intelligence and big data.

This unit provides students with an overview of global economic development over the past 1000 years with the objective of helping to understand today's global economy and what the future might hold. The motivating question throughout is: how did we get here and where are we going? This is addressed through an examination of both the global east and the global west. Conventional analysis is tested through the prism of history and long-run data. The unit of study examines global themes and then proceeds to consider geographies, building on the global theme lectures.

This unit provides a foundation of the key concepts and practices of international business. Students gain knowledge on the factors that impact international managerial strategy. Through discussions of authoritative literature, case studies, and current issues, students learn to assess the opportunities and challenges of operating in a global environment. The unit emphasizes the development of analytical skills and competency of working in diverse teams and the global context.

An understanding of cultural differences and how to manage such differences is critical to effective management in international and multi-cultural business environments. The aim of this unit is to provide conceptual frameworks and evidence from practice that will develop an understanding of the ways in which cultures differ, how these differences can impact on management, and how cultural issues can limit organisational effectiveness. Major topics include the significance of culture in international management, the meaning and dimensions of culture, comparative international management and leadership styles, managing communication across cultures, ethics and social responsibility in global management, cross-cultural negotiation and decision-making, forming and managing global teams, and developing the international and global manager.

This unit focuses on China's globalising business environment from an enterprise perspective by analysing the way in which enterprises are embedded in a dynamic economic, legal and political environment and the consequences that arise for enterprise management and entrepreneurship. The unit combines theoretical analysis of the interrelationship of markets, firms and institutions with detailed, practical case studies of domestic and transnational business activities. Students are able to familiarise themselves with different types of enterprises including the local private sector, state-owned enterprises and foreign-owned enterprises operating in China as well as Chinese enterprises expanding into global markets through joint ventures, strategic alliances and mergers and acquisitions.

This unit introduces students to the foundations of project management in business contexts. It provides an overview and practical understanding of different project management approaches, ranging from structured frameworks such as the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) to light-weight techniques such as Agile or Lean Management. Students learn how to select appropriate projects based on their alignment with an organisation's strategy and then how to manage those projects successfully from initiation through execution to completion. The unit explores both the technical and behavioural aspects of project management and students gain experience in critically analysing the application of techniques in specific business contexts. As organisations increasingly structure their activities on a project basis, the unit is of value to a range of discipline specialisations.

Social media is now ubiquitous and serves as an important marketing channel. However, data from social media tend to be unstructured and difficult to interpret. This unit introduces students to methods to conduct and communicate marketing research from social media.

This unit provides basic introduction to programming in Python for students, who have not been previously exposed to coding. Using a range of practical examples, students learn how to write basic programs in Python, collect data, manage data, as well as scale up programming solutions.

Recently, we observed a rise in healthcare and civic disasters, including but not limited to the COVID19 pandemic, opioid crisis, bush fires, floods, droughts, etc. These events have significant impact not only on the way people live and work, but also seriously affect business organization, strategy, and management. With the rapidly increasing availability of data on health and civic disasters, it becomes increasingly important to learn how we can utilize available information and data sources in order to predict, alleviate and adjust to their impact. This unit of study provides a comprehensive introduction into methods and tools, which could be utilized to better understand and manage the effects of major health, climate and other civic events by analysing and deriving important intelligence from data.

This unit of study introduces students to both the key issues concerning the 4th Industrial revolution in general and people analytics in particular as forces transforming business and work; and the key concepts necessary to understand and critique both.

This unit introduces models and tools for decision analysis and their application in managerial settings. The unit focuses on the use of formal decision methods for management decisions in business. The main goal is to show how these decision models can improve the decision process by helping the decision maker to understand the structure of decisions; use subjective probabilities for measuring risk; analyse the sensitivity of decisions to changing decision parameters; quantify outcomes in accordance with risk attitudes, and estimate the value of information. Special attention is paid to informal interpretations of formal decision approaches.

The university as well as the business school aim to widen the students' exposure to entrepreneurship. This course is complementing the other entrepreneurship course in the MCom by providing a broader overview about entrepreneurship. Thus, such a course is introducing the topic and provides a foundation for the other more specialized entrepreneurship course in this program.

Being able to identify and exploit new business opportunities is critical to all sizes of businesses. Identifying new markets, developing new products and implementing new business models are highly-regarded and valuable skills for entrepreneurs and business managers alike. This unit is structured around learning from engaged practice in order to explore the special problems and opportunities associated with entrepreneurial start-ups. Students engage with start up and early stage businesses to deliver a plan to help them become profitable. Topics include opportunity recognition, strategy development, business model design, customer acquisition and retention, financial model development, as well as entrepreneurial and creative leadership.

This unit aims to introduce students to the nature and context of management. It explores the functions and processes of management and encourages students to critically reflect on management theory and practice. It can be taken as a standalone unit for students enrolled in various specialist masters programs and also prepares students for further study in strategic management, organisational analysis and strategy and human resource management.

This unit seeks to develop diagnostic and prescriptive skills in relation to the management of organisational change while also encouraging the adoption of a critical perspective of the field. Part 1 (Organisational Change and the Nature of Organisations) introduces the fields of organisational change, explains its relevance to organisation performance and strategy and examines key change management models. Part 2 (Diagnosis and Intervention) examines the utility of key organisational change models and techniques and identifies factors that may impact on the effectiveness of the change management process. Part 3 (Key Areas of Intervention) analyses the application of organisational change practices and initiatives to a number of specific organisational issues.

This unit examines the ways in which organisations manage a heterogeneous workforce and the legal and ethical issues associated with the management of workforce diversity. While drawing on international literature in the field, the primary focus is on the Australian experience, including the so-called 'program' approach and the complaint mechanism found in the anti-discrimination statutes. As well as encouraging the development of diagnostic and prescriptive skills in diversity management, students also have the opportunity to develop a critical perspective on the growing literature in this field.

In this unit, students learn theories of communication and how they apply within organisations, at an organisational, team and individual level. In the unit, we review the concept of communication through different theoretical and philosophical lenses so that students gain an understanding of how different perspectives provide different insights into communication within organisations. The unit also examines communication processes and how communication occurs between individuals and within groups. There is also a focus on communication challenges such as technology, diversity and globalisation. The unit incorporates practical exercises and case studies to enable students to evaluate their own communication practices and to apply the knowledge and understanding they gain from the unit to their own organisations and careers.

This unit provides an understanding of the contemporary Australian financial reporting environment. Particular attention is paid to accounting theory and concepts, mandatory reporting practices and reporting policies that reflect either a choice from among several mandated alternatives, or those areas where regulation has not occurred. The unit is intended for those who will be involved in the preparation or use of company financial statements. The unit provides an understanding of accounting techniques, both in terms of technical method and their relative impact on a corporation's financial statements. The emphasis throughout is on both the 'techniques' and the related explanations for their use.

Many of the topics in an international accounting unit have a domestic counterpart. However, new factors and complications arise in the international arena. Some of these are (1) diversity of laws, practices, customs, cultures, and competitive circumstances; and (2) risks associated with fluctuating exchange rates, differential rates of inflation, and unstable property rights. International accounting discusses issues from the perspective of companies that have internationalised their finance and/or their operations. It has a comparative aspect, comparing accounting across countries. It deals with corporate reporting and disclosure across national boundaries. It also deals with the harmonisation of the worldwide diversity in financial reporting, in particular, convergence around International Financial Reporting Standards. It discusses consolidation issues that arise from multinational operations.

This unit develops a framework of fundamental analysis for equity investment in publicly traded companies. The first part of the unit deals with the analysis of financial statement information, complemented with other sources of information such as business strategy, industry prospects and key macroeconomic effects. Emphasis is on the analysis of earnings quality and accounting-based valuation methods. The second part of the unit applies fundamental analysis in the appraisal of equity investment, and the effect of credit evaluation and risk analysis, as well as the valuation for takeovers. The unit also covers the impact on equity valuation from inherent behavioural patterns in informing investment decisions.

This unit examines a number of advanced topics in managerial accounting as they relate to the use of key analytic and calculative techniques for decision making and value creation. Topics are biased towards those that are relevant and even contentious to contemporary practice and include: the potential inconsistencies between management accounting and strategic decision making and control; executive compensation and reward systems; ethical issues in budget setting and performance management; the theory of the firm and outsourcing; issues in managing joint ventures and strategic alliances; performance measurement systems; decentralisation and transfer pricing, and innovation and change in management accounting practice. An overview of each topic area is provided before exploring the topics more deeply by examining current research and/or working through case studies to provide insights into contemporary business practice.

The focus of this unit is the development of knowledge and understanding of the key elements of the 'corporate financial report' audit process with particular reference to Australian Auditing Standards. Auditor's duties and responsibilities are considered before moving to planning the audit, performing the audit and arriving at an audit opinion. Students are exposed to the techniques used by auditors in carrying out audit procedures and evaluating audit evidence. Students are expected to further develop their critical thinking skills through applying technical audit principles to real-world auditing problems and corporate case studies. Students develop an appreciation for the essential role the auditor and the audit function play in enhancing the quality of financial statements and corporate governance. In this context, the unit critically examines contemporary audit issues, recent audit headlines and challenges faced by the audit profession in the Australian and global environment.

This unit introduces the context and processes of managerial accounting, with financial and non-financial information literacy to inform both understanding and application of key managerial accounting techniques. Critical business career skills of ethical behaviour in difficult situations, collaboration, problem solving, time management, persuasive communication and following instructions are fostered across the areas of cost accounting, business performance, and strategic value creation in management accounting. Through weekly 'business practicals', students get real-world like experience in addressing practical managerial accounting issues in organisational contexts. Students become familiar with the many kinds of managerial accounting decisions concerning the techniques, benefits and risks of accounting frameworks chosen. The unit is completed with a capstone case study which consolidates learning and allows students to use their new knowledge and skills gained in identifying and addressing operational and strategic issues facing organisations concerning competition, innovation and government regulation.

This unit provides students with a detailed understanding of more complex financial reporting issues. Topics examined include: group accounting issues such as the practical application of the control test; multiple subsidiaries; non-controlling interest; foreign currency translation; consolidated cash flow reporting; segment reporting; accounting for joint arrangements and associates; and related party disclosures. The unit builds on the knowledge base acquired from earlier accounting units with a strong emphasis on the application of technical skills. The unit has a substantial case component, using current examples to illustrate both appropriate technical solutions in accordance with accounting standards and guidelines, as well as the forces which determine the choice of methods. The unit also provides students with an awareness of relevant research to assist in an understanding of both current debates and accounting choices. This unit helps develop students' ability to read and analyse financial reports and to understand the financial reporting implications of management decisions relating to internal reporting and organisational structure.

This unit introduces students to the concepts, challenges and approaches associated with the evaluation, design, introduction, operation and improvement of accounting systems and reflects the differences in the needs of family-owned businesses, small and medium-sized enterprises and multi-national business firms. Elements of those systems include methods of documenting transactions and events; internal control procedures designed to safeguard human physical and financial resources; manual, semi-automated or fully automated source data entry, transaction processing methods and financial and non-financial reports on operational activities. These issues are also considered with regard to the capabilities of contemporary industry-standard accounting and business application software such as spreadsheets, MYOB and SAP in a cost-effective and secure manner. Topics include the design of charts of accounts; in solutions context; internal controls and maintaining audit trails, records management; the identification of requirements and the use of selection criteria for the evaluation, introduction, configuration and operation of packaged accounting software solutions. It provides students with the hands-on skills in the design and implementation of an accounting system to a real-world medium-sized organisation using an industry standard accounting software solution by integrating concepts, approaches, commercial realities and capabilities of contemporary enterprise resource planning systems. At the commencement, students are provided with a review of business frameworks including cycles, systems, source documents and recording transactions which act as a common starting point on which the unit builds.

This unit reviews issues associated with sustainability reporting models which have been practised in the last decade and highlights current and possible future issues. These new reporting models claim to enhance understanding of organisational performance to a variety of stakeholders and are based on new performance measurement technologies that arguably improve decision making. This unit of study is designed to provide a critical analysis of the issues surrounding organisation performance and explores the key underlying issues associated with the emergence of these new reporting models. The unit looks at how the reporting of economic and non-economic performance enables private, public and third sector organisations to provide an account of their value creation and sustainability performance. The unit also explores the perspectives of significant bodies of research on reporting value-creating activities and non-economic performance.

Growing volumes of data and, more importantly, the computation power to analyse it are now widely recognised as key business assets. No single discipline has the tools to make the most of these assets. Instead successful "big data" capability requires (a) the ability to understand how data can (and often cannot) be used to generate new insights into substantive problems (b) knowledge of how data are generated and used and (c) the ability to understand connections between variables captured in data. This unit provides an overview of principles from the disciplines of Business Information Systems and Business Analytics, applied in the context of Marketing problems, relevant for using 'big data' in business planning, decision-making and operations.

The unit develops the basic principles of data description and analysis, the idea of using the concept of probability to model data generation, and the statistical concepts of estimation and statistical inference, including hypothesis testing. It then develops these concepts and techniques in the context of the linear regression model to show how econometric models can be used to analyse data in a wide range of potential areas of application in economics, business and the social sciences. The unit combines theory and application. The emphasis is upon the interpretation of econometric estimation results and requires software for hands-on experience.

This unit presumes no prior exposure to economics and aims, by the end of the unit, to bring a proficiency equivalent to that of students with an intermediate level macroeconomics unit in an Honours degree program. Many economic principles developed in this unit are routinely used in several other units in the program. Macroeconomics studies aggregate economic behaviour. The unit covers theories of the engines of long-run economic growth, of unemployment, of money, inflation, the interest rate and the exchange rate, as well as consumption, saving and investment behaviour. The unit also studies a number of applications of the theory and addresses contemporary macroeconomic problems and policy.

This unit of study aims to enhance oral and written communication skills and improve understanding of how to engage with academic economics. A series of tasks will consider economics academic texts in context and require learners to understand, analyse and produce appropriate spoken and written texts. Concepts in critical analysis will provide the basis for improved persuasive communication, including the difference between convention, fact, opinion and preference; deductive and inductive proof; validity and truth; evidence; and the ethics of persuasion.

This unit of study introduces tools to study the impact of laws and public policy on individual behaviours. We will critically evaluate empirical research produced by economists, sociologists, criminologists, and legal scholars. Topics will focus on criminal justice policy but will also cover other areas of law such as labour and social policy.

Financial markets play a fundamental role in a modern economy. In this unit of study we analyse how financial markets function, with a particular focus on: the factors underlying demand and supply; risk and uncertainty; incomplete contracts and renegotiation; and asymmetric information and its implications. In doing so, we identify the key features of markets for financial assets. The unit also examines the development of financial institutions and current issues in financial markets.

This unit builds on prior studies of microeconomics by introducing key concepts in Behavioural Economics. The implications of these departures from neoclassical economics will be explored for a range of topics, which may include financial decision-making, wage and incentive contracts, public policy, and charitable giving.

A firm's success depends on both its internal and external strategic relationships. This unit of study analyses how a firm can manage these relationships. We examine agency problems within the firm, outlining ways that firms try to mitigate these issues. Strategic relationships with input suppliers examined. We discuss how firms can establish a strong bargaining position in these relationships. The optimal boundaries of the firm are also analysed. We also study how a firm's product-market strategy affects its relationship with its rivals in the output market.

This unit of study provides analytical and theoretical frameworks for understanding various problems and current issues in macroeconomics in the global economy. The unit builds on ECON5002, but at a more advanced and specialised level with its focus on international/open-economy aspects of macroeconomics. The first part of the unit deals with qualitative analysis, following this there is a focus on quantitative analysis using contemporary microfounded general equilibrium models. Topics to be covered include foreign exchange markets, interest parity, exchange rate determination and intervention, goods market and money market, the international monetary system and the role of central banks.

This unit is designed to highlight the relation between trade and development from an institutional and structural perspective, with appropriate modifications of received general economic principles, theories and policies. It closely studies the integration process of traditional segment of a developing society into its modern counterpart in countries selected from Asia, Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean, and the Pacific regions. It examines role of the state and international institutions (like the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, World Trade Organization), rationale for trade, planning and market mechanisms in developing economies, and also socio-cultural preconditions and economic requirements for a market economy. It focuses on a wide range of developmental problems and issues (such as foreign aid, debt, investment, technology transfer) from both national and international points of view.

In this unit of study emphasis is exclusively concerned with market failures that impact on the natural environment. Attention is given to why these market failures occur and what role there is for regulation and government policy. Topics covered include efficiency and markets, market failure, externalities (e.g. pollution), various methods of regulating pollution, and measuring the demand for environmental quality.

Private equity (PE) is crucial in developing new business ventures and promoting innovation. This unit investigates how PE firms operate, analysing the key strategic issues they face during the fundraising, investing and exit stages of the PE cycle. Topics covered include: the determinants and types of PE fundraising, the organisational structure of PE firms, the PE firm's investment decision, the PE firm-investee company relationship and the design of exit strategies. The role of PE in the broader economy is also discussed. Finally, we introduce some of the ethical issues PE firms face.

In this unit, students will engage in discussing major health care issues and applying econometric tools to assess the (cost)-effectiveness of health care policy reforms. The following topics are likely to be covered: (1) international health care systems and finance, (2) determinants of the demand and supply of health care and behaviours, (3) inequalities in health and access to care, and (4) current policy reforms such as the introduction of provider incentives and co-payments. Each topic will be accompanied by an empirical application and replication assignment.

This unit of study examines the interaction of globalisation and the governance of the international financial system. Insight will be drawn from recent developments in economic theory and empirical research and illustrated with an analysis of the 2008 Crisis and its aftermath.

This unit provides students with an overview of global economic development over the past 1000 years with the objective of helping to understand today's global economy and what the future might hold. The motivating question throughout is: how did we get here and where are we going? This is addressed through an examination of both the global east and the global west. Conventional analysis is tested through the prism of history and long-run data. The unit of study examines global themes and then proceeds to consider geographies, building on the global theme lectures.

Modern financial markets are at the heart of the global economy. Thus, an understanding of finance requires a global perspective. This unit of study focuses on three core ideas. First, it provides a description of the role of financial markets within the global economy using modern methods. Next, it focuses on the tools which are needed to understand finance from a global perspective. Finally, it focuses on the behaviour of market participants and how they interact in a global setting. On completion of this unit students have an understanding of financial markets and their participants and how they interact in an integrated world.

This unit provides students with an introduction to quantitative models and techniques in finance. Topics covered include basic stochastic calculus, probability measures and the role of numeraires, Black-Scholes and Hull-White models, and the theoretical and numerical techniques for valuing derivatives. There is a focus on both the intuitive and mathematical understanding of these topics, as well as their application to problems in quantitative finance.

This unit extends some of the fundamental concepts introduced in FINC5001 Foundations in Finance, and develops a rigorous framework for the analysis and understanding of key aspects of corporate financial decision making. Fundamental concepts in corporate finance are extended to more complex settings. The unit examines more advanced approaches to asset pricing and capital budgeting. New topics are covered in relation to derivative securities and real options applications in capital budgeting. The issues of the cost of capital, corporate capital structure, and corporate dividend policy, are extended to cover the interaction of corporate and personal taxation, agency problems, and information signalling.

This unit covers the fundamentals of asset pricing and valuation, under equilibrium conditions and under no-arbitrage restrictions. It reviews the main themes in modern asset pricing, and introduce ideas of importance to the evolution of the discipline, and consequently of relevance to a practitioner's long term perspective. The unit emphasises quantitative methods, so students are required to have fairly strong mathematical skills. Nevertheless, the mathematical tools needed in the unit are adequately reviewed.

This unit covers several aspects of modern/post-modern portfolio theory. An introduction to mathematical optimisation techniques in the presence of uncertainty is covered and results from modern portfolio theory to the Capital Asset Pricing Model derived. The unit also examines other popular models such as the Arbitrage Pricing Theory and Black-Litterman Model and concludes with some topical examples from industry. There is a degree of mathematical sophistication associated with this unit and consequently, students should be comfortable with a mathematical approach. However, the required mathematical tools are covered in the unit.

This unit provides an introduction to derivative securities like options, futures and swaps. These securities are derived from fundamental securities such as equities and bonds. The unit examines the nature of each type of derivative security before a thorough treatment of the pricing and use of these securities for investment management and risk management purposes.

In our highly globalised and integrated world economy, understanding international dimensions of financial management is essential for businesses. This unit provides a greater understanding of the fundamental concepts and the tools necessary for effective financial decision making by business enterprises, within a global setting.

This unit covers the concepts required for investment in fixed income securities, managing bond portfolios and understanding debt markets. Topics covered include duration, convexity, interest rate risk, bond volatility and the term structure of interest rates. The more complex types of debt securities studied include mortgage backed securities, corporate bonds with embedded options such as convertible bonds and interest rate derivatives.

This unit introduces students to the core concepts of fundamental market design and structure, focussing on the processes that turn orders into trades in securities markets, and the forces that mould and effect order flow and execution. The unit provides insights into how the study of securities market microstructure can improve our understanding of today's global financial markets in order to: (a) facilitate better financing and investment decisions; (b) understand when, where and how to transact in financial instruments; and (c) make better use of the ever increasing flow of market information. An improved understanding of today's diverse financial markets allows for successful trading strategies to be developed in different instruments and across many markets, today and in the future.

Mergers and acquisitions have become perhaps the most important activity of investment banks today. They provide a fundamental way for businesses to secure growth. To analyse mergers and acquisitions, most tools from modern financial economics are needed. The unit commences with a review of how existing businesses are valued, continues with an analysis of capital structure decisions, considers management incentives and examines issues in corporate control. It then examines the motives for mergers and acquisitions. Some acquisitions are motivated by value improvements created by correcting incentive problems, some acquisitions, however, are motivated by bad incentives that decrease value.

This unit applies all aspects of finance theory to the general problem of valuing companies and other financial assets. This requires a synthesis of the fundamental concepts of present value, cost of capital, security valuation, asset pricing models, optimal capital structures, derivative pricing and some related accounting concepts. The unit aims to reach a level of practical application that allows students to understand both the theoretical frameworks and institutional conventions of real-world corporate valuations. Basic valuation concepts from accounting are reconciled with the finance theory on which firm value ultimately stands. Students are asked to make extensive use of Excel or similar software in valuation exercises.

Risk is an integral part of financial decisions. Following the rapid evolution of the discipline of financial risk management, analysts must be prepared to access the level of risk in the marketplace. This unit explores the basic concepts of modelling, measuring and managing financial risks within the regulatory framework. Topics covered include market risk (value-at-risk and expected loss), credit risk (single name, portfolio, ratings and market based models, credit derivatives), liquidity risk and operational risk. To overcome the rather quantitative nature of the topics, the unit relies heavily on practical based lab exercises with emphasis on simulations, real life examples and case studies.

This unit explores the considerations when planning the financial needs of new ventures and young companies. An overview of entrepreneurial finance reviews the concepts of valuation for entrepreneurial ventures and possible funding sources from the standpoint of the founder, management team and the funder. Fundamental valuation approaches considered in corporate finance are extended to model the opportunities and the capital structure relevant to a new venture. This unit examines the process of venture capital funding and the challenges of managing and funding growth. New topics are covered in relation to the growth and exit strategies employed by entrepreneurial ventures, as well as later stage financing, including mezzanine financing and buy-outs.

This unit brings all the various sub-areas of management together and analyzes the key corporate decisions from the perspective of the CEO. The focus of the unit is the multinational company (MNC) and it aims to show how strategy contributes to the success of the MNC, how it provides overall direction and how it integrates the various activities and decisions of the MNC. Specific emphasis is placed on the behavioral aspects of strategy. Upon completion of the unit, students should be able to identify and analyze the determinants of strategic decisions on a global level. They should be able to describe and evaluate a firm's business and corporate strategy and on this basis develop solutions for strategic dilemmas in real-life situations.

Collaboration to achieve competitive advantage is one of the most commonly recommended cross border strategies. However, international alliances can take many different forms, and they can serve many different purposes. Managing international alliances raises a series of different issues for the alliance partners to manage. This unit examines the issues raised and considers the reasons for success and failure of international alliances. It looks at the forms that partnerships can take, it examines the methods for choosing among potential partners, it examines the potential forms of collaboration and the level of resources each may require. Managing the partnership for maximum advantage, avoiding possible risks, and deciding how and when to end the partnership, all are further issues that managers must consider. The unit considers these questions in the framework of general theoretical approaches, and pays particular attention to discussion of individual cases.

Do you have an Emerging Market Strategy? This is a question that an increasingly large number of company managers, especially in the developed western world, are trying to answer. This unit lays the foundations of strategy making in emerging markets, with an emphasis on four of the largest emerging markets of the world today - Brazil, Russia, India and China - often termed as the BRIC countries. Utilising frameworks from mainstream strategy and international business disciplines, the unit analyses emerging markets from the perspective of primarily two simultaneous phenomena - multinationals from developed markets trying to tap into emerging markets, and companies from emerging markets globalising their operations and consequently changing the global competitive landscape.

The forces that currently drive business transformation, such as globalisation, the digital revolution and environmental sustainability, require businesses to be in a constant state of change to stay competitive in turbulent markets. However, as companies need to maintain their current revenue streams, they need to progress through a series of integrated business transformation projects. In this unit students learn how to analyse an organisation within a local and global context and develop knowledge of techniques required for managing digital business transformation initiatives. Topics covered include: the drivers of digital business transformation, managing change as a process, analysing information and processes, and planning, leading, sustaining, diffusing and learning from transformational projects.

The unit provides an overall introduction to the different components of digital information infrastructures in organisational contexts. This includes organisational enterprise systems architecture, legacy systems, enterprise systems, cloud infrastructure and enabling technologies such as blockchain, internet of things, or web services. Strategic managerial issues that arise from the implementation, use, and security management of information infrastructures and enterprise systems are also covered. The unit utilises a combination of practical sessions with Enterprise Systems, such as SAP, and case study analyses to build a deep understanding of relevant topics.

This unit highlights the key concepts of business process management (BPM) and their importance to organisations in supporting the business operations and providing opportunities for competitive advantage and innovation. It provides a detailed understanding of the concepts, strategies, tools and technologies required throughout the BPM lifecycle. This unit takes both the strategic and change management perspectives in designing process architecture and governance, as well as analysing, designing, and measuring performance of processes across value chains and aligned to industry standards. The unit also develops practical skills in modelling and simulating processes using business process management tools.

This unit develops knowledge and skills in innovative, digital business models and strategies from a management perspective. The unit facilitates a better understanding and application of the concepts, strategies, tools and technologies necessary for undertaking digital innovation of business models, such as the Business Model Canvas. From basic knowledge of digital business models and business processes, this unit increases awareness and understanding of stakeholders, their capabilities and their limitations in the strategic convergence of technology and business. It provides insights into the digital technologies required to support business in the 21st Century and supports development of student capabilities to analyse, develop and evaluate innovative digital business strategies and models.

Business analytics and the ability to interpret and respond to related outputs, is a major source of competitive advantage in the information age and is therefore a leading business priority globally. In recent times, this field has evolved from a technology topic to a management priority, creating an unprecedented demand for new competencies in managing with data. Taking a business rather than technology perspective, this unit covers the enterprise ecosystem in the context of strategic and operational analytics and decision making. Topics include innovation through advanced analytics, data driven performance management, strategic business improvement and management of complex BI projects. The unit offers hands-on experience in using a commercial platform, combined with in-depth analytical skills, and enables students completing the unit to help any organization to derive more value from data and information and compete on analytics.

Data visualisation, storytelling, and scenario development are prominent analytical practices that are increasingly used by professionals seeking to use data for decision making. This unit aims to equip students with necessary knowledge and data visualisation skills, acquired through real-world projects and applications inspired by leading industry practices. Students develop a holistic view of data visualisation and acquire knowledge of related tools to deal with organisational and societal challenges. This unit focuses on business/organisational decision makers and their use of data visualisation. As such this unit does not require any prior IT, computer science or data science experience.

As the amount of data generated continues to grow dramatically, managing data at scale presents a set of challenges for which organizations have to be uniquely prepared. This unit provides students with what they need to know about generating, collecting, processing, storing, managing, analysing and interpreting data. The unit provides an understanding of the importance of data strategies, data governance and data quality, challenges associated with data protection, privacy and security, data management practices, and modern platforms and architecture to streamline data operations within an organisation. Students learn the importance of confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data in mitigating information risks and emergent issues around data ethics.

Traditional approaches to project management and design work well under stable conditions, when intended outcomes are well understood. Yet, under conditional of market disruption, in innovation projects, new product development or for start-up businesses, traditional methods are often restrictive and inflexible. Agile Project Management and Design Thinking offer alternative approaches that value continuous change, flexibility, time-to-market, interactive learning and self-organisation over rigorous planning and design processes. In this unit, students will learn the ethos, principles, and methods of agile project management and design thinking. Students will experience hands-on techniques such as design thinking, learn management and Scrum as applied in practice. Learning will revolve around practical activities, insights from experienced guest speakers and case studies representing various industries.

Digital technologies are changing the way we work, how we present ourselves online, and how we manage and organize ourselves and others. In this unit, students learn about new and emerging digital work practices. Students acquire individual-level skills needed to be successful in the world of digital work. We analyse how, as professionals, we best present ourselves online; and how others, including clients and employers, look at digital self-presentation. We also explore new digital forms of working and organizing at the collective level: the new digital, flexible, and networked work practices emerging in modern workplaces. Students engage in hands-on activities to learn how to navigate digital work successfully, how to present themselves professionally in digital media, and how to design, coordinate, and manage digital work practices.

Technology is at the heart of many of the contemporary trends and challenges facing organisations. This unit of study introduces students to balanced and critical ways of thinking about the nature and role of technology in business and society. It problematizes the hype surrounding new technological developments (gadgets), the deification of technology as a solution to problems of all kinds (gods), and the, often unintended, consequences of technology applications (godzilla). The unit utilises current technological developments as examples for discussion and examines technology and its design and application in the context of social networks, power relations, and current business trends.

Supply chains are typically designed to handle minor risks in supply and demand. Increasingly complex supply chains leave businesses vulnerable to abnormal events and disruptions, including natural disasters, supplier failure, cyber security threats and wide scale threats such as pandemics and climate change. Despite this, supply chains are an essential service and play a crucial economic and humanitarian role in times of crises. Supply chains are also undergoing structural change due to evolving consumer demand and are being impacted by disruptive technologies such as manufacturing-as-a-service and autonomous distribution and delivery. Supply chains are differentiated by their resilience to abnormal events and disruptions and their ability to accommodate and exploit structural change and disruptive technologies. This unit explores each of these types of disruption and equips students with a variety of strategies for mitigating these risks. Students design resilient supply chains and plan responses to humanitarian crises. They critically assess the structural changes and technological disruption that are taking place in supply chains now or are anticipated to occur in the future. This unit makes extensive use of recent case studies, including the COVID-19 pandemic.

This unit conveys the fundamentals of city logistics, which accommodates the pickup, storage, transport and delivery of freight in urban areas. All aspects from planning, management and operation to security, efficiency and mitigation of environmental impact are covered. The relationships between land use, transport and city logistics are described. Traffic engineering concepts like 'link' and 'place' are outlined and their implications for city logistics are explored. The forms of urban freight consolidation centre are addressed along with the role of alternative transport modes, for example public transport (co-modality), cargo bikes, electric vehicles, droids and drones. This unit explores Ecommerce and fulfilment models, including omni-channel retail and analyses the implications for city logistics of new technologies, apps and the sharing economy. This unit also reviews strategies to improve the sustainability of city logistics and examines reverse logistics, the circular economy and urban farming along with the contribution of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) to urban freight mobility. Cyber and physical threats to city logistics are studied along with mitigation strategies. The lectures conclude with a look into the future for city logistics. Seminars by city logistics professionals complement the lectures. Students have an opportunity to develop city logistics solutions for themselves through a group design project.

Enterprises can access increasing volumes of spatial data (associated with time and space) drawn from a variety of sources including the internet of things, sensors, mobile phone locations and other diverse and unlinked data sets. Managing these data to create useful management insights is a demanding task, and spatial data analysis presents a unique set of challenges and opportunities. Effective management and analysis of spatial data provides strategic value for organisations, across logistics, transport, marketing and other business functions, allowing enterprises to manage strategic challenges in sustainability and resilience. This unit uses real-world data and problem-based learning to develop hands-on experience with managing, processing and modelling spatial data and ultimately drawing insights for business decisions linked to both distribution and supply chain interactions. Students develop highly marketable skills in spatial data analytics that are transferable across a broad range of industries and sectors. These skills include the ability to generate a range of outputs, including decision support systems, maps and visualisations that effectively communicate complex information to support strategic, tactical and operational decision making. This unit utilises a widely-used spatial software package and introduces Geographic Information Systems (GIS), spatial databases and structured query language (SQL).

This unit provides students with an understanding of global distribution strategy and the management of international freight, including express, freight forwarding, rail, trucking, air freight and ocean shipping. The unit covers underlying supply chain drivers of international trade flows and the demand for capacity in different distribution channels and freight transportation modes, as well as industry structure, institutional environment, customs and global market participation strategies. Building on this background, the unit equips students with strategic tools for profitable international logistics operations. The unit focuses on corporate strategies around fleet and network planning, entrepreneurship, business model and value chain analysis, revenue and cost management, as well as competitive strategy and negotiation in the B2B and B2C contexts. The material covered in the unit considers recent developments in global and regional economic activity, technological and environmental advancements and discusses implications for the various sectors and stakeholders in global distribution chains. This unit involves case studies, industry presentations and analysis from the perspectives of shippers, airlines, wholesalers, retailers, end customers, regulatory bodies and investors.

Procurement of goods and services is an essential business task that has traditionally targeted short-term supply cost reduction. Globalisation and outsourcing creates opportunities for enterprises to better align procurement with longer term corporate strategies. However, this requires collaboration and negotiation within and between organisations, rethinking the role of procurement teams and reconsidering the impacts of sourcing decisions. Stakeholder demands for greater corporate social responsibility require procurement teams to take a strategic approach to spend, category management and sourcing decisions, moving beyond regulatory compliance to facilitate environmentally and socially sustainable outcomes. Ethical and sustainable procurement and logistics creates value for organisations by protecting brand integrity and improving communication, productivity, performance measurement, innovation and supplier diversity. This unit takes a strategic view of procurement, looking beyond the up-front costs and showing how purchasing decisions that consider resilience, entire life cycle costs, environmental and social risks and benefits provide better value. This requires rethinking the involvement of the procurement teams in the design, manufacture, selling and recycling of products and transformation of logistics management practice. Students practice negotiation in realistic industry workshops and gain new insights into effective and persuasive communication for global logistics and supply chain management.

Supply chain management, logistics, transport and infrastructure management relies on the ability to make effective decisions supported by careful and appropriate data analysis. Students undertaking this unit develop a strong understanding of the basic techniques underpinning quantitative analysis and develop highly marketable skills in spreadsheet modelling and the communication and presentation of data to support management decision making. This unit emphasises the practical aspects of quantitative analysis with computer-based workshops. Students are guided through the basic theories used in decision making, focusing on how the theories are applied in practice, drawing on real world experience in quantitative analysis. The unit covers basic statistical and data presentation techniques, spreadsheet modelling, linear optimisation methods for production and transportation applications, demand forecasting, simulation, and linear regression techniques.

This unit provides an introduction to marketing research and an overview of the industry. The major components of marketing research projects are discussed and students gain an insight into understanding and structuring research problems. The unit also gives an overview of primary, secondary and internal sources of data as well as advanced methods and techniques of research.

New products and services are crucial to successful growth and increased profits in many industries. Students are introduced to the development and marketing of new products and services in both the private and public sectors. A product development assignment is carried out to reinforce the material covered and to provide realistic examples of how new products are designed, tested and launched.

This unit is a mix of psychological science and marketing practice. The unit starts with an academic perspective on communication and review of various persuasive techniques. However, this is not only a scientific and research-based unit. It is also a practical unit that explores persuasive effects. The acquired knowledge of psychology and communication will place students in the driver¿s seat to decode and explain how persuasion works. Students take what they learn from the science and delve into the practice behind why and how it works. As a consumer, this unit is designed to open students' eyes, stop and think, and understand why we buy what we buy. As someone in the persuasion business (and we are all in the persuasion business), students will find the applications useful.

This unit focuses on the concepts, processes and theories that assist marketing managers in enacting a consumer-centric approach to marketing. Students learn to apply the concepts, principles, and theories from various social sciences to the study of factors that influence the acquisition, consumption and disposition of goods, services and experiences. Specifically, principles from economics, psychology, sociology, social psychology, cultural anthropology etc. are used to describe and explain consumer behaviour.

With fast growth of the modern digital economy, multi-quintillion bytes of data is generated every day. This provides an enormous opportunity and a significant challenge for marketers to extract marketing insights because of not only the size of the data, but also the structure of the data. A growing proportion of the data is unstructured, such as customer emails and texts, mobile data, social media UGCs, C2C data on two-sided platforms in the sharing economy. Traditional marketing research methods cannot be used to solve these problems. This unit introduces state of the arts machine learning methods to help marketers extract consumers insights from big data including structured and unstructured data and make better informed business decisions.

This unit aims to give students an understanding of international marketing concepts by using the framework of marketing mix elements of product, price, distribution and promotions, and highlights their importance in a rapidly changing global economy. Topics include the 'scope and environmental factors (PEST)' including 'culture'; 'globalisation versus internationalisation and multinational corporations'; 'international and global products, services and brands', 'market size assessment'; 'foreign market selection'; 'foreign market entry mode'; 'pricing for international markets'; 'international distribution channels'; and 'international promotions (global vs. multinational approaches) and strategies'. Understanding these concepts helps students develop skills in designing and implementing marketing strategies in diverse international country contexts.

This unit introduces students to emerging interactive technologies, most notably social media tools, and discusses ways in which these technologies can be exploited by businesses to more effectively serve markets. The unit examines how marketing-related functions are changed by the potential of these technologies, and how these new technologies can become key components of the organisation's strategic marketing efforts. This unit starts from the premise that savvy consumers are increasingly participating in brands rather than merely receiving their messages, and explores how marketers can stoke conversations, co-create experiences and stories, and build engaging relationships with consumers.

The most important intangible asset of any business is its brand. The company's name, symbols and slogans along with their underlying associations, perceived quality, name awareness, customer base and related proprietary resources form the basis for brand equity. Most new brands that are introduced, fail because of the lack of proper market research and analysis about positioning. The core of successfully establishing a brand lies in accurate positioning strategies. This unit helps students understand the concept of brand equity and the management of brand assets by learning to strategically create, position, develop and protect brand equity.

There have been two fundamental shifts in the focus of business and marketing strategy. On the one hand, companies have become more focused on managing relationships with their customers over an extended period of time. On the other hand, more than any time in history companies' decisions become more data-driven due to the exponential increase in the volume of data on customers, competitors and markets. To obtain, retain and grow a customer base, it is crucial to know how to obtain customer information and how to make sense of it. This unit introduces students to fundamental concepts of customer relationship management and state-of-art analytics and how to apply these to real-world business problems. The unit covers topics including understanding customer relationships, implementing strategic customer relationship management, handling and analysing customer-related databases, increasing customer profitability based on actionable insights gained from customer data, and giving more value to data through visualisation. Students also gain statistical skills, however, no prior knowledge of statistics is required.

Business marketing is concerned with the marketing of products and services to other businesses and institutions. It involves selecting, developing and managing customer relationships in line with the skills, resources, strategy and objectives of both the supplier and customer companies. Traditionally, business marketing was approached using the '4P's' framework. This unit exposes students not only to the traditional view but contrasts that approach with the interactions, relationships and networks approach to business marketing. The unit aims to develop students into more complete marketers, capable of operating within the dynamic business marketing environment.

An essential practice in marketing is improving the impact of marketing strategies on business performance. Increasingly, companies are recognising marketing as a strategic board-level function, directly responsible for wealth creation. Marketers should be equipped with tools to analyse and effectively communicate the value of marketing, using the evidence of marketing metrics underpinning long-term marketing performance. This unit provides an overview of marketing metrics and how they relate to business performance, providing students with the opportunity to apply these key concepts to practical business situations and to data-driven decision- making.

Companies operate in an increasingly challenging market environment, with greater competition, more informed customers, and rapidly changing market trends. Simultaneously, they also have access to more information about their customers, the marketplace and their competitors than ever before. Hence, it is imperative that all marketing professionals understand the market data and how to most effectively deal with it. This unit introduces students to basic principles of marketing analytics and demonstrates how to practically apply these techniques in marketing contexts. The unit focuses on developing analytical senses in actual business situations, by providing hands-on experiences to integrate and apply diverse tools to solve managerial problems using various market data. Through the unit, how marketing analytics can help managers interpret data and transform research findings into actionable business insights is discussed. The unit is taught using a variety of materials and exercises including lectures for key concepts and processes, in-class exercises, and applied research projects to enhance students' understanding and skill.

Given limitations in their ability to process information, humans adopt a variety of heuristics or "rules of thumb" when making judgements or decisions regarding business problems, product choice and consumption options, and in their personal lives. The evolution of these heuristics over time has ensured that they produce generally good outcomes across a variety of contexts. However, they also lead to systematic, and sometimes substantial, errors in certain cases. This unit of study helps students understand biases in human decision making, and how they influence business and consumer decisions in everyday life. For each decision domain, the psychological heuristic is contrasted with the logical rule for producing an optimal outcome.

Social media is now ubiquitous and serves as an important marketing channel. However, data from social media tend to be unstructured and difficult to interpret. This unit introduces students to methods to conduct and communicate marketing research from social media.

The surge in availability and prevalence of social media has created strong need for the analysis of social media data and the need to use the latest programming tools to do so. This unit introduces students to Python tools to conduct marketing research on social media data.

This unit provides basic introduction to programming in Python for students, who have not been previously exposed to coding. Using a range of practical examples, students learn how to write basic programs in Python, collect data, manage data, as well as scale up programming solutions.

Recently, we observed a rise in healthcare and civic disasters, including but not limited to the COVID19 pandemic, opioid crisis, bush fires, floods, droughts, etc. These events have significant impact not only on the way people live and work, but also seriously affect business organization, strategy, and management. With the rapidly increasing availability of data on health and civic disasters, it becomes increasingly important to learn how we can utilize available information and data sources in order to predict, alleviate and adjust to their impact. This unit of study provides a comprehensive introduction into methods and tools, which could be utilized to better understand and manage the effects of major health, climate and other civic events by analysing and deriving important intelligence from data.

This unit of study introduces students to both the key issues concerning the 4th Industrial revolution in general and people analytics in particular as forces transforming business and work; and the key concepts necessary to understand and critique both.

Business operations are the activities that businesses carry out to create value. This unit provides the models needed to analyse business operations of a company or organisation and make management decisions on operational issues. It covers business operations in both manufacturing and service industries, looking at processes, supply chains and quality issues. Topics covered may include the modelling of manufacturing operations and related group technologies, the modelling of financial service operations (e.g. brokerage operations), and the operations implications of internet technologies.

It is now common for businesses to have access to very rich information data sets, often generated automatically as a by-product of the main institutional activity of a firm or business unit. Data Mining deals with inferring and validating patterns, structures and relationships in data, as a tool to support decisions in the business environment. This unit offers an insight into the main statistical methodologies for the visualization and the analysis of business and market data. It provides the tools necessary to extract information required for specific tasks such as credit scoring, prediction and classification, market segmentation and product positioning. Emphasis is given to business applications of data mining using modern software tools.

This unit provides the basic knowledge and tools needed to understand and manage risk. It includes business cases to illustrate the nature of risk and risk management strategies. The main focus is on quantitative approaches to analysing risk through understanding the probability distributions involved. Topics covered include: Value at Risk calculations; Utility theory for decisions; Prospect theory for decisions under risk; Extreme value theory; Monte-Carlo simulation; Stochastic optimization; Robust optimization; Credit scoring; Real options.

Time series and statistical modelling is a fundamental component of the theory and practice of modern financial asset pricing as well as financial risk measurement and management. Further, forecasting is a required component of financial and investment decision making. This unit provides an introduction to the time series models used for the analysis of data arising in financial markets. It then considers methods for forecasting, testing and sensitivity analyses, in the context of these models. Topics include: the properties of financial return data; the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM); financial return factor models, with known and unknown factors, in panel data settings; modelling and forecasting conditional volatility, via ARCH and GARCH; forecasting market risk measures such as Value at Risk. Emphasis is placed on applications involving the analysis of many real market datasets. Students are encouraged to undertake hands-on analysis using an appropriate computing package.

To be effective in a competitive business environment, a business analyst needs to be able to use predictive analytics to translate information into decisions and to convert information about past performance into reliable forecasts. An effective analyst also should be able to identify the analytical tools and data structures to anticipate market trends. In this unit, students gain skills required to succeed in today's highly analytical and data-driven economy. The unit introduces the basics of data management, business forecasting, decision trees, logistic regression, and predictive modelling. The unit features corporate case studies and hands-on exercises to demonstrate the concepts presented.

Machine Learning is a fundamental aspect of data analytics that automates analytical model building in modern business. In the big data era, managers are able to use very large and rich data sources and to make business decisions based on quantitative data analysis. Machine Learning covers a range of state-of-the-art methods/algorithms that iteratively learn from data, allowing computers to find hidden patterns and relationships in such data so as to support business decisions. This unit introduces modern machine learning techniques and builds skills in using data for everyday business decision making. Topics include: Machine Learning Foundation; Modern Regression Methods; Advanced Classification Techniques; Latent Variable Models; Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Kernel Methods; Artificial Neural Networks; Deep Learning; and Machine Learning for Big Data. Emphasis is placed on applications involving the analysis of business data. Students will practise applying machine learning algorithms to real-world datasets by using an appropriate computing package.

Accurate and effective analysis of data is a crucial skill in today's data-rich business environment. Visual Data Analytics (VDA) is an indispensable scientific tool for analysing all sorts of business-related data and, in particular, complex high-dimensional data. Applications include the visualisation of financial statements, capital market data, marketing data, supply chain data and many others. VDA has the ability to encode vast amounts of information into a small space that can be then intuitively interpreted for decision-making. This unit draws upon statistics, computer science, behavioural psychology and information design for visualising numerical and text data. It presents statistical and data analysis methods that are necessary for description, exploration, inference and diagnosis using data reduction, visual mining, smoothing, clustering and validation techniques. Upon completion of the unit, students should be proficient in producing high integrity visuals that enable fast and precise business decision-making. Students will also learn about the limitations of visual perception and how to design powerful visuals that can tap into our natural cognitive predisposition in favouring visual types of information.

This unit aims to build students' confidence with the negotiation process. Class time is used to assimilate that knowledge through role-play negotiations, debriefs of those negotiations, problem-solving workshops and international negotiation case study analysis. Students are taught how to develop their own negotiation strategies and tactics using a combination of multiple psychological, economic and legal concepts covered in the unit.

Organisational sustainability is a critical part of the contemporary managerial practice, focusing on organisations' economical, social and environmental impact. This unit critically evaluates the intentions, practices and outcomes of organisational sustainability initiatives. By applying relevant theoretical frameworks, students are encouraged to enhance their understanding of the role and responsibilities of management, the impact of organisations on employees, and the wider societal and environmental implications of contemporary organisational trends. With an emphasis on the human dimensions of organisational actions, this unit builds on foundational units of study in Management, Industrial Relations and Human Resource Management.

This unit explores the role, influence and activities of management consultants in Australia and overseas. It examines management consultants as developers and disseminators of knowledge and practice and their role as change agents. The main management themes covered in the unit include: the consulting industry in Australia and overseas; consultant roles and the consultant-client relationship; consultants and organisational change; knowledge intensive firms and the management of expertise; the diffusion of management knowledge and fashion in a global economy; consulting as an occupation and career; managing a consultancy.

This unit provides essential knowledge of the current trends in Innovation Management research and practice. It combines the leading-edge theories and innovation assessment methods with the strong practical component. Students are offered an opportunity to experience the innovation process by participating in commercialisation of research/invention originated from the University of Sydney. Innovation projects are sourced from the Sydney Nano Institute, enabling exceptional inter-disciplinary experience for the participating students.

Social entrepreneurs are committed to furthering a social mission through enterprises that rank social, environmental or cultural impact on a par with, or even above, profit. Intersecting the business and not-for-profit worlds, social entrepreneurship addresses many complex local and global problems. This unit critically introduces the concept and develops frameworks for understanding social entrepreneurship (also referred to as social enterprise and social innovation). Teaching and learning utilise case studies and includes the opportunity to apply theory to real-world experiences. Topics include creating innovative social enterprises, sustainable business models, philanthropy and funding, impact assessment, and leadership. The unit is structured around learning from engaged practise and provides the opportunity to work with social enterprises.

The university as well as the business school aim to widen the students' exposure to entrepreneurship. This course is complementing the other entrepreneurship course in the MCom by providing a broader overview about entrepreneurship. Thus, such a course is introducing the topic and provides a foundation for the other more specialized entrepreneurship course in this program.

Being able to identify and exploit new business opportunities is critical to all sizes of businesses. Identifying new markets, developing new products and implementing new business models are highly-regarded and valuable skills for entrepreneurs and business managers alike. This unit is structured around learning from engaged practice in order to explore the special problems and opportunities associated with entrepreneurial start-ups. Students engage with start up and early stage businesses to deliver a plan to help them become profitable. Topics include opportunity recognition, strategy development, business model design, customer acquisition and retention, financial model development, as well as entrepreneurial and creative leadership.

This unit introduces students to the behaviour of people when acting as members of an organisation. The aim of the unit is to provide an understanding of the processes and structures that influence organisational behaviour, by drawing on ideas from psychology, sociology, management and anthropology. Topics covered include: personality and the self; learning and socialisation; motivation and commitment; group behaviour and dynamics; organisational design and boundaries; organisational culture, change and leadership.

This unit is designed to encourage students to consider the role and significance of leadership in various organisational contexts. The unit introduces the major streams of leadership theory and traces the development of our understanding about leadership. The unit explores how these theories allow us to understand leadership in practice and in what ways leadership is linked to different aspects of organisational effectiveness. It then examines the 'good, the bad, and the ugly' sides of leadership, e.g. positive forms (transformational, charismatic) and negative forms (narcissistic and Machiavellian). The unit explores leading for diversity and diversity in leadership (e.g. based on gender, culture and ethnicity) and the role of leaders in constituting ethical and socially responsible organisations. The critical role of leaders in effecting organisational change is explored and the leadership of top management teams and leadership succession is examined. The unit also examines leadership development programs and instruments and students have an opportunity to reflect on factors that might influence their own leadership style.