Successful candidates will demonstrate to the examiners that they have a detailed and comprehensive knowledge of anatomy relevant to the practice of ophthalmology, in particular the eye, the visual pathways, the orbit and its contents including peri-orbital structures. They are also expected to have an understanding of the embryology, maturation and normal ageing changes of the human eye. They should also be familiar with the anatomy of the head and neck including neuro-anatomy, histology and the use of diagnostic imaging as it pertains to the visual system. On completion of this unit of study the successful student will be able to (1) describe the normal anatomical organisation of the human eye, orbit and contents and head and neck in terms of cells, tissues, organs and systems, (2) describe the principal components of the human visual system and their function in detail and (3) describe how diagnostic imaging may be used in ophthalmic practice.

Successful candidates will demonstrate to the examiners that they have a detailed and comprehensive knowledge of optics relevant to the practice of ophthalmology. Particular emphasis will be placed on the topics of Physical, Geometrical, Physiological and Instrument Optics. On completion of this unit of study the successful student will be able to (1) describe the physical properties of light and lasers, (2) describe the geometrical principles of light and the laws governing lights interaction with materials and (3) describe the physiological optics of the human eye and how to test this.

This unit of study and the subsequent associated UoS OPSC5014 Ophthalmology in Developing Countries 2 aim to provide candidates with the foundations of the practice of clinical ophthalmology with an emphasis on the specific diseases and pathology of their native country. On completion of this and the associated Unit of Study, the successful student will be able to understand the basis of the practice of clinical ophthalmology: basic pharmacology, public health measures, nutrition and its impact on ocular health, general microbiology, principles of genetics and medical statistics and epidemiology. They will also be expected to incorporate knowledge gained from the other online units of study into this unit of study and gain knowledge on the aetiology, pathology associated features, prognosis and management of diseases of the cornea and conjunctiv, eyelids and orbit, lacrimal system and iris and ciliary body. They will be required to identify differences in the presentation, aetiology, course, treatment and prognosis of ocular diseases in adults compared to children, to identify and study areas of ophthalmic significance in developing countries especially the candidates own and to utilise online ophthalmic and medical resources to gain knowledge and assist in the management of ocular and general medical disease.

This unit of study and the previous associated UoS OPSC5013 Ophthalmology in Developing Countries 1 aim to provide candidates with the foundations of the practice of clinical ophthalmology with an emphasis on the specific diseases and pathology of their native country. On completion of this and the associated Unit of Study, the successful student will be able to apply the scientific basis of the practice of clinical ophthalmology to the following areas of specific ocular systems: basic pharmacology, public health measures, nutrition and its impact on ocular health, general microbiology, principles of genetics and medical statistics and epidemiology. They will also be required to incorporate knowledge gained from the other online units of study into this unit of study and gain knowledge on the aetiology, pathology associated features, prognosis and management of diseases of the lens and ciliary body, retina, optic and cranial nerves, the central nervous system. extraocular muscles and head and neck diseases. They will be required to identify differences in the presentation, aetiology, course, treatment and prognosis of ocular diseases in adults compared to children, identify and study areas of ophthalmic significance in developing countries especially the candidates own and utilise online ophthalmic and medical resources to gain knowledge and assist in the management of ocular and general medical disease.

This unit of study and the subsequent associated UoS OPSC5016 Clinical Ophthalmology 2 aim to provide candidates with the practical experience and knowledge necessary to manage ophthalmic conditions. They are mentor based programmes with candidates applying knowledge to eye clinic patients. Candidates are required to attend ophthalmology clinics on a full time basis. These clinics are under the supervision of local or international ophthalmologists. The student will be continuously assessed as to their competence in their management of ophthalmic conditions in both adults and children. The clinical load will be reflected in the spectrum of submitted case histories by the candidate. Candidates will be required to show that they can competently manage ophthalmic conditions. By management, the candidate is required to undertake the following tasks: take an appropriate medical/ophthalmic history; perform an ophthalmic examination, an appropriate general medical examination and an appropriate preoperative assessment. They will also identify the most likely diagnosis, and list an appropriate differential diagnosis. They will be required to outline and/or perform appropriate ophthalmic and medical investigations, outline a management plan for the condition, including (where appropriate): preventative, public health and nutritional measures; genetic, disease education and counseling; general medical therapies; pharmacological, laser, surgical and optical treatments; consultation by other medical or health professionals; organisation of government &NGO assistance and arrange for appropriate ophthalmic and other medical/paramedical follow up. This is required for common eye conditions in the fields of cornea and external diseases, orbital disease, eyelids, lacrimal diseases, intraocular inflammation and uveitis, traumatic eye injuries, lens and cataract, glaucoma, retinal diseases and diabetic retinopathy, neuron-ophthalmology, paediatric diseases, strabismus and refractive errors. Mentor based teaching, fortnightly submitted case reports, Online attendance and completed case histories This UoS will be offered as a mentor based programme with the candidate, under the supervision of three layers of Mentors. Firstly, a local ophthalmologist in their country of practice. This ophthalmologist will be assessed and deemed appropriate by the course coordinators. Visiting ophthalmologists from Australia and New Zealand will also supervise their training and, finally, a representative from the Local Government health authorities who the candidate will be employed by will also serve as a Mentor to the candidate. Candidates will be required to practice ophthalmology in a variety of settings. These will include hospital based ophthalmology clinics, private based ophthalmology practices, ophthalmology clinics run by visiting Australian and New Zealand Ophthalmologists and outreach clinics to other smaller communities. Candidates will at all times be supervised by one of the Mentors as defined above.

This unit of study aims to provide candidates with the practical experience and knowledge necessary to manage ophthalmic conditions. This is a mentor based programme with candidates applying knowledge to eye clinic patients. Candidates are required to attend ophthalmology clinics on a full time basis. These clinics are under the supervision of local or international ophthalmologists. The student will be continuously assessed as to their competence in their management of ophthalmic conditions in both adults and children. The clinical load will be reflected in the spectrum of submitted case histories by the candidate. Candidates will be required to show that they can competently manage ophthalmic conditions. By management the candidate is required to take an appropriate medical / ophthalmic history, perform an ophthalmic examination, an appropriate general medical examination an appropriate preoperative assessment. They will also identify the most likely diagnosis and list an appropriate differential diagnosis. They will be required to outline and/or perform appropriate ophthalmic and medical investigations and outline a management plan for the condition including (where appropriate): preventative, public health and nutritional measures, genetic, disease education and counseling, general medical therapies, pharmacological, laser, surgical and optical treatments, consultation by other medical or health professionals, organization of government & NGO assistance and arrange for appropriate ophthalmic and other medical/paramedical follow up. This is required for common eye conditions in the fields of cornea and external diseases, orbital disease, eyelids, lacrimal disease, intraocular inflammation and uveitis, traumatic eye injuries, lens and cataract, glaucoma, retinal diseases and diabetic retinopathy, neuro-ophthalmology, paediatric diseases, strabismus and refractive errors. Mentor based teaching, fortnightly submitted case reports, Online attendance and completed case histories. This UoS will be offered as a mentor based programme with the candidate under the supervision of three layers of Mentors. Firstly, a local ophthalmologist in their country of practice. This ophthalmologist will be assessed and deemed appropriate by the course coordinators. Visiting ophthalmologists from Australia and New Zealand will also supervise their training and a Representative from the Local Government health authorities who the candidate will be employed by will also serve as a Mentor to the candidate. Candidates will be required to practice ophthalmology in a variety of settings. These will include hospital based ophthalmology clinics, private based ophthalmology practices, ophthalmology clinics run by visiting Australian and New Zealand ophthalmologists and outreach clinics to other smaller communities. At the end of the unit of study, a supervised clinical exam will be undertaken in Sydney or their country of practice. The exam will be a clinical exam assessing the candidate's competence in clinical ophthalmology. It will take the form of both a written and clinical exam. The clinical exam will include an observed clinical exam, utilizing patients with ophthalmic conditions and a long case exam involving detailed management of common eye conditions. Successful candidates will be able to demonstrate the ability to work independently as an ophthalmologist in their native country.

This unit of study aims to provide candidates with the practical experience and knowledge necessary to manage surgical ophthalmic conditions. This is a mentor based programme with candidates operating in a number of different environments. Emphasis is on preoperative assessment, surgical competence and post operative management. Candidates will be required to operate in a variety of settings. These will include hospital based ophthalmology surgical lists, private based ophthalmology surgical lists, ophthalmology surgical clinic run by visiting Australian and New Zealand ophthalmologists and outreach clinics to other smaller communities. Surgical mentors will provide the appropriate training in specific ophthalmic operations. Candidates will be required to show that they can competently assess and perform ophthalmic surgery and manage post operative complications. By management the candidate is required to take an appropriate medical / ophthalmic history, perform an ophthalmic examination, an appropriate general medical examination and an appropriate preoperative assessment. They will be required to identify the most likely diagnosis and list an appropriate differential diagnosis of the aetiology of the surgical disease, andoutline and/or perform appropriate ophthalmic and medical investigations. They will be required to perform Surgery of the following Ophthalmic Conditions: extra capsular cataract surgery, repair of traumatic eye and eyelid injuries, infective eyelid and orbital lesions, benign and malignant lid procedures, pterygium surgery, acute glaucoma procedures, strabismus procedures and simple lacrimal duct procedures. Mentor based teaching, Online surgical logbook, online surgical case histories. This unit of study will be offered as a mentor based programme with the candidate under the supervision of three layers of Mentors. Firstly, a local ophthalmologist in their country of practice. This ophthalmologist will be assessed and deemed appropriate by the course coordinators. Visiting ophthalmologists from Australia and New Zealand will also supervise their training and a Representative of the Local Government health authorities who the candidate will be employed by will serve as a Mentor to the candidate. At the end of the year a supervised surgical exam will be undertaken in Sydney or their country of practice. The exam will be a supervised extracapsular cataract extraction that the candidate must perform competently to complete the unit of study.

This unit of study will provide candidates with the theoretical and practical foundations of the practise of cornea and anterior segment surgery. Wk 1 will cover microbial keratitis. Wk 2 corneal dystrophies and Wk 3 endothelial disease. Wk 4 will cover corneal surgery. Wk 5 will cover cataract and Wk 6 cataract surgery. Wk 7 pterygium and surgery. Wk 8 will cover cicatrising conjunctivitis and Wk 9 dry eye disease. Wk 10 will cover eyelid disease and Wk 11 herpetic eye disease. Wk 12 corneal immune disorders and Wk 13 Investigation.

This unit of study will provide candidates with the theoretical and practical knowledge of the treatment of glaucoma. The first part of the unit will cover classification and epidemiology, pathology and pathogens, clinical assessment, disease detection and monitoring progression. The second part of the course will include teaching on primary open angle glaucoma, primary and secondary angle closure glaucoma, secondary open angle glaucoma, neovascular glaucoma. paediatric glaucoma, congenital and developmental glaucoma. The final sections will look at medical therapy, laser therapy and surgical therapy.

This course covers interpretation and assessment of special investigation for glaucoma and anterior segment including microbiology, preparation of specimens, confocal imaging, corneal topography, ocular biometry, perimetry, and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM).

This course covers interpretation and assessment of OCT, fluorescein angiography, including green angiography, autofluorescence, electrophysiology, ocular motility assessment and research methodology.

This unit of study will provide candidates with the theoretical and practical foundations for the treatment of retinal disorders and diseases. The first part of the unit will cover clinical assessment and investigation, retinal arterial vascular disease, macroaneurysm, hypertension and diabetic retinopathy. We will then cover age-related macular degeneration, other causes of CNV and the surgical management of retinal and vitreous disorders. The final sections of the unit will look at macular and retinal dystrophies, posterior segment inflammatory and infective eye disease, the management of PEIs and globe trauma and retinal and choroidal tumours.

This unit of study will provide candidates with the theoretical and practical foundations necessary to assess and perform paediatric ophthalmology. The first part of the unit will cover retinopathy of prematurity, refractive error and amblyopia, strabismus I comitant, strabismus II incomitant and vertical deviation. Following this, we will look at media opacities, congenital cataracts, congenital glaucoma and developmental glaucoma, an introduction to genetic eye disease and paediatric ophthalmic infectious diseases. In the final part of the unit we will cover paediatric ocular oncology, orbital and lacrimal disease, the child who can't see approach to and investigations, phakomatoses and nystagmus.

This unit of study will provide candidates with the theoretical and practical knowledge of acute and emergency presentations in ophthalmology.
Wk1 will cover corneal ulcerations and their immediate management Wk 2 penetrating eye trauma and Wk3 orbital blow out fractures. Wk 4 will cover blunt ocular trauma and intraocular foreign bodies and Wk 5 cranial nerve palsies. Wk 6 giant cell arteritis and Wk 7 CRAO/CRVO - retinal vascular occlusions. Wk 8 will cover acute glaucoma and Wk 9 acute uveitis. Wk 10 will cover neonatal conjunctivitis and Wk 11 leukoria in the infant. Wk 12 will cover recent onset nystagmus and Wk 13 neuro ophthalmic emergencies.