Successful students can demonstrate to the examiners that they have knowledge of anatomy relevant to the practise of ophthalmology. In particular, students must show detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the eye, the orbit and periorbital structures, and the visual pathways. On completion of this unit of study the successful student will be able to (1) describe the normal anatomical organisation and development of the human eye, orbit and periorbital structures in terms of cells, tissues, organs and systems, (2) describe the principal components of the human visual system and their structure and function and (3) describe how diagnostic imaging may be used in ophthalmic practise.

Successful students can demonstrate to the examiners that they have a detailed and comprehensive knowledge of optics relevant to the practise of ophthalmology. Particular emphasis is placed on the topics of physical, geometrical, physiological and instrument optics. On completion of this unit of study students are able to (1) describe the physical properties of light and lasers, (2) describe the geometrical principles of light and the laws governing lights interaction with materials and (3) describe the physiological optics of the human eye and how to test this.

This unit of study provides candidates with the foundations of the practise of clinical ophthalmology with an emphasis on the specific diseases and pathology of their native country. On completion of this unit, the successful student will be able to understand the basis of the practise of clinical ophthalmology: basic pharmacology, public health measures, nutrition and its impact on ocular health, general microbiology, principles of genetics and medical statistics and epidemiology. They will also be expected to incorporate knowledge gained from the other online units of study to gain knowledge on the aetiology, pathology associated features, prognosis and management of diseases of the cornea and conjunctiva, eyelids and orbit, lacrimal system and iris and ciliary body. They will be required to identify differences in the presentation, aetiology, course, treatment and prognosis of ocular diseases in adults compared to children, to identify and study areas of ophthalmic significance in developing countries especially the candidates own, and to utilise online ophthalmic and medical resources to gain knowledge and assist in the management of ocular and general medical disease.

This unit of study provides candidates with the foundations of the practise of clinical ophthalmology with an emphasis on the specific diseases and pathology of their native country. On completion of this unit, the successful student will be able to apply the scientific basis of the practise of clinical ophthalmology to the following areas of specific ocular systems: basic pharmacology, public health measures, nutrition and its impact on ocular health, general microbiology, principles of genetics and medical statistics and epidemiology. They will also be required to incorporate knowledge gained from the other online units of study to gain knowledge on the aetiology, pathology associated features, prognosis and management of diseases of the lens and ciliary body, retina, optic and cranial nerves, the central nervous system. extraocular muscles and head and neck diseases. They will be required to identify differences in the presentation, aetiology, course, treatment and prognosis of ocular diseases in adults compared to children, identify and study areas of ophthalmic significance in developing countries especially the candidates own and utilise online ophthalmic and medical resources to gain knowledge and assist in the management of ocular and general medical disease.

This unit of study provides students with the practical experience and knowledge necessary to manage ophthalmic conditions. The unit employs a mentor-based approach with candidates applying knowledge to eye clinic patients under the guidance of an approved ophthalmologist the student's country of practise, visiting ophthalmologists from Australia and New Zealand and a representative from their local health authority. Students are required to attend ophthalmology clinics in a variety of settings on a full time basis under the supervision of local or international ophthalmologists. The student will be continuously supervised and assessed as to their competence in their management of ophthalmic conditions in both adults and children. The clinical load will be reflected in the spectrum of submitted case histories by the student. They are required to show that they can competently manage a wide range of ophthalmic conditions by taking an appropriate medical and ophthalmic history, performing an ophthalmic examination, an appropriate general medical examination and an appropriate preoperative assessment, identifying the most likely diagnosis, and listing an appropriate differential diagnosis. In addition, they are required to outline and/or perform appropriate ophthalmic and medical investigations, outline a management plan for the condition. This may include preventative, public health and nutritional measures; genetic, disease education and counseling; general medical therapies; pharmacological, laser, surgical and optical treatments; consultation by other medical or health professionals; organisation of government and NGO assistance and arranging for appropriate ophthalmic and other medical/paramedical follow up. Successful candidates will be able to demonstrate the ability to work independently as an ophthalmologist in their native country.

This unit of study provides students with the practical experience and knowledge necessary to manage ophthalmic conditions. This unit employs a mentor based approach with students applying knowledge to eye clinic patients under the guidance of an approvaed ophthalmologist the student's country of practise, visiting ophthalmologists from Australian and New Zealand and a representative from their local health authority. Students are required to attend ophthalmology clinicsin a variety of settings on a full time basis under the supervision of local or international ophthalmologists. The student will be continuously supervised and assessed as to their competence in their management of ophthalmic conditions in both adults and children. The clinical load will be reflected in the spectrum of submitted case histories by the student. They are required to show that they can competently manage a wide range of ophthalmic conditions by taking an appropriate medical and ophthalmic history, performing an ophthalmic examination, an appropriate general medical examination an appropriate preoperative assessment, identifying the most likely diagnosis and listing an appropriate differential diagnosis. In addition, they are required to outline and/or perform appropriate ophthalmic and medical investigations and outline a management plan for the condition. This may include preventative, public health and nutritional measures; genetic, disease education and counseling; general medical therapies; pharmacological, laser, surgical and optical treatments; consultation by other medical or health professionals; organization of government and NGO assistance and arrange for appropriate ophthalmic and other medical/paramedical follow up. At the end of the unit of study, an observed structured clinical exam will be undertaken in Sydney or the student's country practise to assess their competence in clinical ophthalmology. Successful candidates will be able to demonstrate the ability to work indepndently as an ophthalmologist in their native country.

This unit of study provides students with the practical experience and knowledge necessary to manage surgical ophthalmic conditions. The unit employs a mentor-based approach with students working under the guidance of an approved ophthalmologist the student's country of practise, visiting ophthalmologists from Australia and New Zealand and a representative from their local health authority. Emphasis is on pre-operative assessment, surgical competence and post operative management. Students work in a variety of settings including hospital and private surgical lists, ophthamology surgical clinics run by visiting Australian and New Zealand ophthalmologists and outreach clinics in other smaller communities. Surgical mentors will provide the appropriate training in specific ophthalmic operations including extra capsular cataract surgery, repair of traumatic eye and eyelid injuries, infective eyelid and orbital lesions, benign and malignant lid procedures, pterygium surgery, acute glaucoma procedures, strabismus procedures and simple lacrimal duct procedures. Students are required to show that they can competently assess and perform ophthalmic surgery and manage post operative complications by taking an appropriate medical and ophthalmic history, performing an ophthalmic examination, conducting a general medical examination and a preoperative assessment. They are required to identify the most likely diagnosis and list an appropriate differential diagnosis of the aetiology of the surgical disease,as well as outline and/or perform appropriate ophthalmic and medical investigations. At the end of the unit, a supervised surgical exam will be undertaken in Sydney or their country of practise. The exam will be a supervised extracapsular cataract extraction that the candidate must perform competently to complete the unit of study.

Successful candidates will demonstrate to the examiners that they have a detailed and comprehensive knowledge of the theoretical and practical foundations of the practise of cornea and anterior segment surgery anatomy. On completion of this Unit of Study the successful student will be able to: (1) Describe the normal anatomical organisation of the anterior segment and adnexae of the human eye; (2) Describe the principal pathological conditions affecting these structures; (3) Describe appropriate diagnostic testing for corneal and eyelid diseases; (4) Describe appropriate medical and surgical management used in these conditions.

This unit of study will provide candidates with the theoretical and practical knowledge of the treatment of glaucoma. The first part of the unit will cover classification and epidemiology, pathology and pathogens, clinical assessment, disease detection and monitoring progression. The second part of the course will include teaching on primary open angle glaucoma, primary and secondary angle closure glaucoma, secondary open angle glaucoma, neovascular glaucoma. paediatric glaucoma, congenital and developmental glaucoma. The final sections will look at medical therapy, laser therapy and surgical therapy.

This course covers interpretation and assessment of special investigation for glaucoma and anterior segment including microbiology, preparation of specimens, confocal imaging, corneal topography, ocular biometry, perimetry, and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM).

This course covers interpretation and assessment of OCT, fluorescein angiography, including green angiography, autofluorescence, electrophysiology, ocular motility assessment and research methodology.

This unit of study provides candidates with the theoretical and practical foundations for the treatment of retinal disorders and diseases. The first part of the unit covers clinical assessment and investigation, retinal arterial vascular disease, macroaneurysm, hypertension and diabetic retinopathy. We then cover age-related macular degeneration, other causes of CNV and the surgical management of retinal and vitreous disorders. The final sections of the unit looks at macular and retinal dystrophies, posterior segment inflammatory and infective eye disease, the management of PEIs and globe trauma and retinal and choroidal tumours.

This unit of study provides candidates with the theoretical and practical foundations necessary to assess and perform paediatric ophthalmology. The first part of the unit covers retinopathy of prematurity, refractive error and amblyopia, strabismus I comitant, strabismus II incomitant and vertical deviation. Following this, we will look at media opacities, congenital cataracts, congenital glaucoma and developmental glaucoma, an introduction to genetic eye disease and paediatric ophthalmic infectious diseases.The final part of the unit covers paediatric ocular oncology, orbital and lacrimal disease, the child who can't see approach to and investigations, phakomatoses and nystagmus.

The treatise may take one of two forms, either a written output on work peformed during the cadidature from a supervised student project that contains between 10,000 - 20,000 words or a scientific paper that arises from a supervised student's project and has been accepted by a peer review journal for publication. The scientific paper must be embedded in a treatise with an expanded introduction and literature review as well as an expanded conclusion/discussion section. Additional methods and results not presented in the scientific paper should also be included. On completion of this unit of study the successfiul student will be able to (1) undertake a medical/scientific project and follow it to its completion, (2) work constructively under the supervision of a supervisor, (3) display scientific thinking and apply this to ophthamology and (4) attempt to publish their treatise or learn how to publish their work.

This unit of study provides students with the theoretical and practical knowledge of acute and emergency presentations in ophthalmology. The unit covers corneal ulcerations, penetrating eye trauma, orbital blowout fractures, blunt ocular trauma and intraocular foreign bodies, cranial nerve palsies, giant cell arthritis, retinal vascular occulsions, acute glaucoma and uveitis, neonatal conjunctivitis and infant lukoria, recent onset nystagmus and neuro-ophthalmic emergencies.