In this unit students undertake a period of supervised research in a topic in Veterinary Science.

This unit of study is a continuation of VETS4042.

The aim of this unit is to introduce students to management of some of the standard animals in the BVSc program (dogs, cats, horses, cattle, birds, pigs), as well as "pocket pets". Animal Husbandry includes housing, handling, and basic aspects of nutrition of animals. The structure of the relevant production animal industries will be described. The physical characteristics of the breeds are included, as well their roles as production and companion animals. Ways in which animal welfare can be managed by producers and companion animal owners will be discussed. The pig and poultry industries in Australia are described, and production of meat and eggs is outlined. Aviary bird breeds and their management are also included. A library class in Information Source Evaluation is also provided. A series of practical classes in animal handling is administered, using small animals, "pocket pets", pigs, cattle and horses.

This unit of study covers aspects of ruminant management and production, especially sheep, beef and dairy cattle. Basic fish and alpaca husbandry is covered in the new animal industry section. The agronomic and ecological principles of the production and utilisation of native and sown pastures are also covered.
On successful completion of this Unit of Study students will be able to: understand the characteristics of the Australian Livestock Industry; appreciate the role of veterinarians in the livestock industries; understand how the various husbandry and management techniques can impact on animal welfare and animal production; consistently display safe and systematic competence in large animal handling; communicate and interact competently with primary producers.
Full day practical handling classes are conducted at the University Farms, Camden, with poultry, sheep, beef and dairy cattle and pastures. Practical classes must be attended by all students and are assessed.

This unit will introduce students to the biology of the cell. Topics include cell structure and cellular metabolism. The cell structure component includes a description of cell membranes and organelles and the cellular metabolism component includes a discussion of metabolic pathways. An introduction to the contribution of the endocrine system to homeostasis of animals via their effects on animal metabolism and physiology will also be described. An understanding of commonly occurring disturbances to the production or action of hormones will be developed with clinical material being used to illustrate normal structure and function.

In this unit the study of the molecular biology of the cell is extended to include gene expression, recombinant DNA technology, membrane structure and function, cell cycle, cell differentiation and cancer. Clinical material is used to illustrate normal structure and function.

This is a one semester unit of study designed to provide (i) a suitable foundation for subsequent units of study such as biochemistry, animal nutrition, physiology and pharmacology, and (ii) a chemical background that will aid in the understanding, diagnosis and treatment of disease. It covers chemical theory, inorganic, physical and organic chemistry with many examples from biological areas. It pre-supposes a satisfactory prior knowledge of HSC Chemistry. A total of 39 hours of lectures comprising 18 lectures in inorganic and physical chemistry and 21 lectures in organic chemistry. Students wishing to enrol in CHEM1405 who do not have the assumed chemical knowledges are advised to consult the School of Chemistry for information about a bridging course.

This unit of study focuses upon human animal interactions as a mechanism for exploration of professional practice themes in communication, professionalism and ethics, practice management and personal development.
Assessment tasks emphasise the importance to successful veterinary practice of attributes related to these themes.

Anatomy and histology refer to the study of the structure of cells, tissues and organs. Physiology refers to processes involved in normal cell, tissue or body function, and biological pathways involved in the maintenance of a healthy animal.
In this unit the gross anatomy and histology of the musculoskeletal system of the dog is studied together with the histology of epithelial tissue, connective tissue including blood, nervous system, and the endocrine system. Basic principles of physiological control, water and electrolyte balance and the physiology of nerve and muscle cells complete the course. Clinical materials, for example, radiographic images, are used to illustrate normal structure and function. Examples of structural and physiological abnormalities that cause dysfunction and disease in animals are included. Computer based resources and formative assessments will also be used.

In this unit the gross anatomy, histology and physiology of the respiratory, cardiovascular and urinary systems are studied. Mechanisms of acid base regulation are also included. Clinical material is used to illustrate normal structure and function. Examples of structural and physiological abnormalities that cause dysfunction and disease in animals are included. Computer based tutorials and assessments will be used to assist learning.

Animal Digestion and Nutrition is a unit of study that consists of an integrated series of lectures, practical classes, tutorials and workshops focusing on the comparative structure and the function of the digestive system along with classes exploring the principles and practice of nutrition and interactions between nutrients that influence health and production.

In this unit of study, the topographic and regional anatomy of the horse, a large domestic animal, is studied by sequential dissection of entire preserved horses. This unit of study also involves integration of knowledge of systemic anatomy, acquired from VETS1014, 1020, 2010 and 2011, allowing the student to develop an understanding of the regional anatomy of a domestic mammal, knowledge necessary for surgery units of study in later years. Clinically relevant regions are emphasized, and the relevance illustrated by reference to common clinical conditions.

The overarching theme for this unit of study is the concept of disease as the result of the interaction between the host, the agent of disease and environmental factors (HPEI). Diseases encountered in veterinary practice are used to illustrate these concepts. Critical underpinning of this approach to disease, is the understanding of the five fundamental pathological processes (general pathology) as host response to disease or the direct effect of agents of disease. Physical, chemical, genetic and infectious agents of disease are introduced.
Previous subjects including anatomy, histology, physiology and cell biology, lay the groundwork for this unit of study because it is essential to understand normal structure and function before we can recognize and understand the implications of the disease state (abnormal structure and/or function).
Principles of Disease is vital in preparing the student for the specific disciplines studied in systemic pathology, and studies of agents of disease (microbiology and parasitology), as well as for some components of pharmacology, in semester 5 of the course.

This unit provides opportunities for the student to understand and apply basic principles in veterinary practice management. In addition, students will further explore professional practice themes of animal welfare, communication and personal development.
During this unit of study, students are also required to successfully complete an Independent Learning Project (ILP) satisfactorily. The ILP is intended to assist your professional development in an approved area of your choosing.

This unit has been designed to extend knowledge obtained during Year 1 units in Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology and explore some mechanisms of animal dysfunction. It also deals with new topics in animal structure and function, particularly the nervous system, and covers the anatomy of common domestic bird species, with an emphasis on the chicken.
The unit focuses on the nervous system and senses, how loss of structure and function causes signs of dysfunction, and development of skills used to recognize normal and abnormal animals. Students will learn through dissection, problem solving and will be assessed on ability to apply and use their knowledge and development of generic skills. Neurophysiology and neuroanatomy are integrated, and students will learn how neural function is determined by the neural structures and their connections. Students will apply the principles covered in these topics to examine, describe, interpret and explain how animals perceive their environment, process and store information and respond with voluntary and involuntary activities. The primary focus will be on normal animals, however specific lesions will be used to demonstrate the role of components of the nervous system in normal function. The skills and knowledge acquired during this unit will be further used and developed in units of study in years 2-5 of the course and will provide a basis for analysis of animals with abnormal neurological function in medicine. The unit also covers avian anatomy and aspects of applied cardiovascular and exercise physiology, thermoregulation and integument. Tutorials and formative assessments on webct will be used to assist learning.

Topics studied in this unit of study include the gross anatomy, histology and physiology of the reproductive system and mammary glands of domestic animals, fertility, pregnancy, parturition and prenatal and postnatal development. Students are introduced to clinically relevant material. Classes other than lectures will include tutorials, laboratory work, library research and small group projects. Incorporated into this unit are two sessions on the surface anatomy of the horse and cow - the focus is on clinically relevant structures.

This Unit of Study presents an introduction to those aspects of statistics that are relevant to veterinarians. It covers biological variability; descriptive statistics (numerical and graphical summaries); probability concepts; samples and populations; the normal distribution; hypothesis tests (one-and two-sample tests); confidence intervals; analysis of variance; regression and correlation; experimental design (basic principles, specific design types); and contingency tables. Extensive use is made of the statistical package Minitab.

Veterinary Conservation Biology covers the identification, anatomy, and physiology of Australia's unique native birds, reptiles, amphibians, and mammals. The course also details the threatening processes that are impacting Australia's environment and ecosystems. Processes discussed include climate change, urbanization, drought, agricultural practices, bush fires, invasive animal species, and disease. The third major focus of the course covers various aspects of in situ, and ex situ conservation, ethical issues related to wildlife conservation, and working with the media.

This Unit of Study presents an introduction to those aspects of genetics that are relevant to veterinarians. It covers the creation and use of genome assemblies and genetic maps; single-locus disorders; chromosomal abnormalities; non-Mendelian familial disorders; immunogenetics; pharmacogenetics; genetic variation in pests, parasites and pathogens; genetic and environmental control of inherited diseases; relationship and inbreeding; heritabillity; breed history and structure; selection and crossing.

Animal Behaviour and Animal Welfare Science is the study of normal and abnormal behaviours in domestic and captive species. Animal Behaviour is one of the core knowledge areas for veterinarians because it facilitates the recognition of disease states and helps veterinarians to make informed comment on animal welfare issues. Additional training in the area would be required for those aspiring to become specialist veterinary behaviour therapists. The Unit of Study draws on knowledge of many aspects of animal husbandry, evolutionary biology and physiology, pharmacology and psychology. The course focuses on the importance of understanding ethology, learning theory and trainers' techniques and includes demonstrations from expert animal handlers and trainers.

This unit extends and integrates knowledge in Veterinary Parasitology, Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary Clinical Pathology and Veterinary Pharmacology. The Unit is presented in a series of disease cases in a herd or individual animal. For each case students work through causative agents, differential diagnosis, diagnostic techniques and arrive at treatment and control solutions. The course includes diseases caused by a wide range of infectious organisms, as well as nutritional and genetic disease in a range of animals of veterinary interest. Many of the cases are linked to Professional Practice themes.

This unit provides students with material to aid their understanding of financial, legal and ethical perspectives in the management of cases and scenarios typical of veterinary practice life. There is a focus upon the legislative environment through a preliminary study of the various Acts and other legislation pertaining to the practice of veterinary science.
Other perspectives such as implications for practice management are also developed through scenarios linked to clinical material presented in other units of study this semester. Classes comprise student presentations supported by talks from appropriate authorities, lectures and tutorials. The majority of learning for this unit of study is completed in groups and hence there is an additional emphasis upon the development of teamwork skills and their application to veterinary practice.

Small Animal Medicine & Therapeutics 1 is the foundational unit of small animal veterinary medicine and expands on the application of the fundamental principles of Veterinary Pharmacology (VETS3013).
This unit builds upon concepts of problem-solving and pathological processes explored earlier in the curriculum. It enables integration and application of knowledge learnt in Veterinary Anatomy & Physiology 1A, 1B, 2A and 2B
(VETS1014, VETS1034, VETS2011, VETS2016), Principles of Disease (VETS2013), Veterinary Microbiology (VETS3040), Animal Disease (VETS3242), Veterinary Pathology (VETS3011) & Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology (VETS3013).
Through predominantly case-based teaching, this unit of study enables undergraduate veterinary students to develop clinical reasoning frameworks using the problem-oriented approach to medicine and lays the foundation for practicing as a small animal clinician. Further, this unit integrates veterinary pharmacology, enabling the development of specific therapeutic plans for small animal patients based on fundamental principles and evidence-based medicine.
Assessment: Small Animal Medicine & Therapeutics 1 includes assignment/s that provide students with the opportunity to develop foundational skills in clinical examination of the small animal patient, intra-semester evaluations and an end of semester examination.

Veterinary Clinical Pathology involves the application of pathological, biochemical, haematological, microbiological and parasitological techniques and test results to clinical aspects of veterinary science. Practical work includes the examination of specimens taken from living animals by techniques in the above fields. Special attention, throughout the course, is given to the application and interpretation of tests used in the diagnosis, prognosis and management of clinical disease. Material on disease is provided for companion and farm animals as well as wildlife. This course builds on Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary Parasitology; integrates horizontally with Small Animal Medicine and Animal Disease taught within the same semester; and prepares students for both small animal practice and large animal health and production and clinical practice.

Veterinary Microbiology encompasses veterinary bacteriology, virology, and mycology. This unit of study uses clinical cases and research studies to 1) explore the unique features of these infectious agents, 2) explore their role in the development of animal disease; 3) critically analyse the strategies used for their diagnosis, treatment and control; and 4) encourage an evidence based approach to investigating clinical problems. Veterinary microbiology is based on an understanding of the structure and function of bacteria, viruses and fungi of veterinary significance as well as the pathological and immunological processes taught in Principles of Disease VETS2013. Veterinary Microbiology helps to prepare students for Animal Disease VETS3242, clinical subjects and life in veterinary practice.

Veterinary Parasitology is a study of the common diseases of companion and commercial animals caused by protozoan, nematode, platyhelminth, insect and acarine parasites. The course includes the biology of parasites, with emphasis on principles of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment and control of parasitic diseases. Veterinary Parasitology assumes an understanding of basic biological principles and knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of animals. The unit is a preparation for VETS3242 Animal Disease.

Veterinary Pathology is the study of disease and disease processes in animals and includes learning skills to understand and recognise disease in a range of animal species. Pathology is one of the core knowledge areas for veterinarians and additional training in the area would be required for those aspiring to become a specialist veterinary pathologist.
The course is a practically-orientated systemic pathology unit that builds on the knowledge of normal structure and function, general pathology and agents of disease, developed in Years 1, 2 and 3 of the degree.
The Integrative Case-based Applied Pathology (ICAP) exercises strongly integrate preclinical and paraclinical knowledge in a relevant clinical diagnostic setting.

Pharmacology is the study of the safe use of drugs in the therapy and prevention of animal diseases. Toxicology refers to pharmacologically active toxins which adversely affect animals. These subjects build on knowledge learnt in Chemistry, Cell Biology and Veterinary Physiology and provide the basis to understand how pharmacological agents work at their site of action and how they behave in the body. In order to link the diseases of animals and their therapy the course runs parallel with Units of Study in Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary Microbiology and Veterinary Parasitology. The application of knowledge learnt in Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology is a major component of clinical veterinary science.
The Unit covers the principles of drug action and then deals with a range of drug classes pertinent to veterinary science and the peculiarities of drugs in the core species.

This course covers three intensive animal industries: pigs, chickens (broiler and layer operations) and aquaculture.
This unit of study will provide students with an understanding of the major factors driving the profitability and sustainability of these industries. The emphasis is on epidemiology, management and preventive medicine, with consideration given to welfare aspects of intensively housed animals. Students will be provided with the basic skills to resolve production and profit-limiting problems on farms. Diagnosis and treatment of common conditions affecting fisheries and aquaculture species will be presented. Practical classes are designed to provide students with the opportunity to observe and participate in specialized husbandry and diagnostic practices undertaken on farms. They will gain experience handling representatives of the common fish species and performing common clinical procedures.

Large Animal Health & Production is a large unit that combines the teaching of equine, bovine, and ovine medicine and surgery in a practical setting where students progress from the fundamental clinical skills to become competent to diagnose and manage common medical and surgical problems as would be encountered in a rural mixed practice. Much of the lecture course utilizes problem-based learning using a case based approach. This approach is designed to augment skills developed in other disciplines including animal husbandry, anatomy, pathology, microbiology, pharmacology, veterinary medicine, and veterinary surgery. The course is designed to assist the student in learning effective problem solving skills, determination of differential diagnoses and the judicious use of appropriate diagnostic aids when attempting to reach a diagnosis. Options and approaches to commonly used therapeutic measures are included. The learning is integrated across species and deals with the major body systems, such as cardiac, respiratory, neuromuscular, ocular, skin, alimentary, and renal disorders, with special attention to reproductive management, mastitis, and metabolic disorders in livestock. The practical classes are designed to augment and expand the student's experiences in large animal clinical skills.

Large Animal Health & Production 2 is aimed at developing deep learning approaches to solving problems of ruminant (mainly bovine, but also ovine and caprine) production, and equine medicine and surgery. In addition to lectures and practical classes, it uses a case based approach to deliver group case studies on-line for student presentations, known as TILHAP's (teaching innovations in livestock health and production). These cases require integration of pathological and epidemiological investigative skills to provide evidence based solutions in the management of disease and productivity problems in a `whole farm' setting. The course is designed to advance student learning in preparation for the extramural units encountered in final year, with areas of special interest being lameness, abdominal pain (colic), weight loss and wasting disorders, neonatal diseases, reproductive management, nutritional, congenital and genetic problems. The practical classes will continue to build the confidence of students in handling large animals in rural mixed and public practice settings.

This unit of study will prepare students for their final year Work Integrated Learning Program and veterinary career. Students will review professional practice themes in relation to final year rotations and new graduate life. The assessment requirements, administrative policies and procedures, and access to distance learning resources, including the use of our Virtual Veterinary Campus during final year, will also be discussed.
Learning activities include lecture presentations, seminars, small group tutorials, self-completion tasks and skills checks.

In this unit of study, students will continue to develop their skills in problem solving, diagnosis and therapeutics through a case based study of body systems. Students will further refine their ability to collect data appropriate for a case (history & physical examination), evaluate medical cases through a logical, evidence based diagnostic approach and determine the appropriate approach to therapeutics.
This unit of study includes dermatology in small animals, and briefly in exotics. A logical diagnostic approach to dermatological diseases is emphasized, and diseases grouped and compared based on their major clinical presentations. Appropriate use of, maximising yield from, and correct interpretation of diagnostic tests is also emphasized, and reinforced in practical classes. Therapeutic options after confirmation of diagnosis are discussed. Case studies are worked through in tutorials to reinforce the need for a sound and logical diagnostic approach to all skin diseases. This unit of study also includes caged birds, reptiles and "pocket pets" (rabbits, guinea pigs etc.) component. A wide range of avian species will be covered including water fowl, psittacine and passerine birds. The collection and analysis of clinical, necropsy and clinicopathologic information to investigate bird and flock problems is addressed. The course will cover the anatomy and physiology of reptiles and "pocket pets", applicable to clinical examination and common problems encountered in practice in Australia.
This unit of study integrates vertically with Veterinary Pharmacology, Small Animal Medicine & Therapeutics 1, Animal Disease and Veterinary Clinical Pathology, and horizontally with Large Animal Health & Production.

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Surgery 1 is an introductory course that builds on a number of pre-clinical Units of Study including physiology, pharmacology, anatomy and physics; and it precedes a more species-based approach to clinical issues. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Surgery 1 develops skills in two key areas of Clinical Science. This Unit of Study is designed to impart basic principles and skills in both anaesthesia and surgery of small and large animal species. The course comprises a series of lectures and tutorial/practical classes, as well as an online component.
Within the scope of Veterinary Anaesthesia the course teaches students about the planning and implementation of safe and humane anaesthesia for small and large animals. It incorporates the principles of modern veterinary anaesthesia and covers patient assessment; pre-anaesthetic preparation; patient monitoring; different anaesthetic agents and techniques for different species; equipment used in anaesthesia; and managing common anaesthetic complications.
In addition to lectures and practical classes, participation in the neutering clinic gives students the opportunity to perform anaesthesia in a patient and as such includes pre-anaesthetic patient assessment, developing a plan for anaesthesia and pain management, administration of anaesthesia, monitoring the anaesthetised patient as well as managing recovery from anaesthesia.
Within the scope of Veterinary Surgery the course addresses the principles and practice of soft tissue and orthopaedic surgery in companion and large animals using an integrated, systems and problem-orientated approach. Practical classes provide instruction and practice in basic techniques and procedures such as wound closure, biopsy, laparotomy, dentistry, and other common surgical procedures.
Participation in the neutering clinic gives students the opportunity to perform recovery anaesthesia and participate in castration and ovariohysterectomy procedures.
Students are expected to achieve a level of understanding and capability at the end of this unit of study that will enable them to progress into Veterinary Anaesthesia and Surgery 2.

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Surgery 2 is a continuation of VAS1. It builds on the principles and skills of anaesthesia and surgery introduced in VAS1. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Surgery 2 further develops skills in two key areas of Clinical Science. The course comprises a series of lectures and practical classes, as well as an online component.
The focus is primarily on dogs, cats, horses and production animals; however discussion of other species is included.
Within the scope of Veterinary Anaesthesia the course teaches students about the planning and implementation of safe and humane anaesthesia for small and large animals. It incorporates the principles of modern veterinary anaesthesia and covers anaesthesia for different species and for common disease conditions; equipment used in anaesthesia; pain management; and management of complications including cardiopulmonary arrest.
In addition to lectures and practical classes, participation in the neutering clinic gives students the opportunity to perform anaesthesia in a patient and as such includes pre-anaesthetic patient assessment, developing a plan for anaesthesia and pain management, administration of anaesthesia, monitoring the anaesthetised patient as well as managing recovery from anaesthesia.
Within the scope of Veterinary Surgery the course develops further the principles and practice of soft tissue and orthopaedic surgery in companion and large animals. Practical classes provide instruction and practice in the basic techniques of wound management as well as more advanced procedures such as fracture fixation, surgery for cruciate ligament rupture, gastrointestinal surgery and urinary tract surgery.
Participation in the neutering clinic gives students the opportunity to perform recovery anaesthesia and participate in castration and ovariohysterectomy procedures.
Students are expected to achieve a level of understanding and capability at the end of this unit of study that will enable them to progress into final year.

This course commences with an introduction to important fundamental concepts in Diagnostic Imaging, including radiation safety. Following this is a systems based approach that covers the radiographic appearance of the normal structure and function of the various organ systems commonly investigated by radiology.
Students will then be taught to recognise, describe and diagnose the changes in structure and function related to diseases that are commonly found on radiographs. The course also includes an introduction to special radiological techniques (including radiological contrast studies used to further demonstrate disease), digital radiology, advanced imaging techniques (MRI & CT), and the role of Ultrasound in the diagnosis of soft tissue disease.

This unit encompasses 3 topics: veterinary epidemiology, food safety and zoonoses. Knowledge of these prepares veterinarians to play a vital role in maintaining human and animal health. Veterinary Epidemiology which is the study of disease patterns provides understanding of the occurrence of human and animal disease necessary for effective control. Veterinarians have an increased role in Food Safety from clinical practice to food standards regulation. As a component of this unit wet laboratory sessions held in July 2010 are preparation for students to undertake compulsory extramural placement at an abattoir during vacation periods prior to the end of September 2011. Zoonoses are important for veterinary occupational health and safety and for the health of our clients. The course in Veterinary Public Health builds on Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary Parasitology, Animal Disease and Professional Practice 3. Topics will integrate vertically with Animal Disease and Small Animal Medicine and Therapeutics and horizontally with Large Animal Health and Production and Intensive Animal Health and Production.

This Unit of Study provides student interns with an opportunity to apply the principles and practices of veterinary anaesthesia introduced to them in VETS3027 and VETS4111 in the clinical setting of a large veterinary hospital. This unit of study is designed to give student interns exposure and experience in clinical anaesthesia to help develop a deeper understanding of this discipline and prepare them for veterinary practice. Student interns are involved in the management of a wide variety of cases from the time the patient is admitted for anaesthesia up until the patient has fully recovered. This unit of study aims to foster a culture of shared leadership, team work, professional conduct, compassion and open communication in the work environment. Student interns participate in all activities undertaken by the UVTHS Anaesthesia Unit including (but not restricted to) pre-anaesthetic examination, formulation of anaesthesia and analgesia plans, induction and maintenance of anaesthesia, record keeping, post-operative care (including pain management) and ICU duty. Student interns will learn and practice the many technical skills required to perform general anaesthesia including intravenous catheterisation, endotracheal intubation, collection of blood and urine for diagnostic testing. After completing this unit of study student interns will be able to safely and humanely anaesthetise and recover an ASA health status '1' or '2' small animal patient with a degree of proficiency acceptable for a new graduate (refer to the Faculty of Veterinary Science Graduate Attributes).

This Unit of Study involves placement at a Faculty approved location linked to the veterinary student intern's career interest area. Suitability of locations will be negotiated between the veterinary intern and elective rotation coordinator. In addition to the more traditional elective rotations e.g., small animal practice, equine practice, rural mixed practice and wildlife experience, veterinary interns may wish to undertake novel forms of elective rotation. Examples may include production of educational or scientific resources for use by the profession or animal owners, and promotion of new ideas to the public. Interns will be under the supervision of an extramural supervisor who will liaise with Faculty, review the aims of the rotation with the intern, and assess the performance of the intern via a standard report form.
Interns are expected to fully participate in agreed activities whilst attending the placement, typically taking on the role and schedule of a full time, supervised veterinary associate. The requirements of this rotation include the completion of the following documents: an introductory letter to the placement at least four weeks prior to the rotation; a site contract; learning agreement form; skills report form; and rotation feedback form. During the rotation interns are expected to participate in three meetings with the extramural supervisor and complete a communication task.

This Unit of Study involves placement at a Faculty approved location linked to the veterinary student intern's career interest area. Suitability of locations will be negotiated between the veterinary intern and elective rotation coordinator. In addition to the more traditional elective rotations e.g., small animal practice, equine practice, rural mixed practice and wildlife experience, veterinary interns may wish to undertake novel forms of elective rotation. Examples may include production of educational or scientific resources for use by the profession or animal owners, and promotion of new ideas to the public. Interns will be under the supervision of an extramural supervisor who will liaise with Faculty, review the aims of the rotation with the intern, and assess the performance of the intern via a standard report form.
Interns are expected to fully participate in agreed activities whilst attending the practice, typically taking on the role and schedule of a full time, supervised veterinary associate. The requirements of this rotation include the completion of the following documents: an introductory letter to the placement at least four weeks prior to the rotation; a site contract; learning agreement form; skills report form; and rotation feedback form. During the rotation interns are expected to participate in three meetings with the extramural supervisor and complete a communication task.

This 3 week rotation at the University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Sydney, is designed to give student interns hands-on experience in general practice and exposure to the types of cases they will encounter most commonly after graduation. Interns will have the opportunity to practice clinically-relevant techniques such as history taking, physical examination, diagnostic sample collection, radiology and ultrasound, medical record keeping, critical analysis of case-related information, development and implementation of treatment plans and evaluation of outcomes. A major focus of the rotation will be developing clinical competency in preventative health care programs for small animals, including vaccination and worming protocols. In addition, interns should gain an appreciation of the holistic nature of veterinary practice, the importance of client-veterinarian, veterinarian-patient and collegial interactions, from the moment the client makes an appointment through resolution of the presenting problem and beyond. Students will participate in other University Veterinary Teaching Hospital activities including management of patients in hospital, intensive care duty and weekend duty.

In this unit of study interns will consolidate the theory of small animal internal medicine (as learnt in V3027 Veterinary Clinical Sciences and V4112 Veterinary Medicine) and apply it to the diagnosis and treatment of disease in small animal patients. Abundant case-material will be provided to enable hands-on application of the problem-orientated approach to veterinary medicine.
In this rotation emphasis will be placed on acquiring excellent skills in history taking and advanced physical examination. Interns will be given ample opportunities to hone their client communication skills and will participate in a variety of interactive tutorials with referral medicine clinicians. Interpretation of diagnostic imaging scans and clinicopathological test results will be an integral part of the rotation. Cases will form the basis of interactive collegiate discussions on identification and assessment of problems and construction of treatment plans on a patient-by-patient basis. Interns will become proficient in professional case-handover procedures through daily presentation of cases at clinical rounds.
As in other UVTHS rotations interns will participate in other hospital activities including collection of samples for diagnostic tests, developing treatment plans, routine health management, disease management, management of patients in hospital, medical record keeping, intensive care duty and weekend duty.

This unit of study provides students with an opportunity to practically apply the knowledge and skills they have developed during years 1 to 4. In particular, they will gain experience in livestock and equine practice. Through participation in professional activities students are expected to develop their communication skills with the rural community, staff and colleagues, and gain an insight into the career opportunities of a Rural Mixed Practice. Student interns are expected to fully participate in agreed activities whilst attending the practice, typically taking on the role and schedule of a full time supervised associate.

This unit of study provides students with an opportunity to practically apply the knowledge and skills they have developed during years 1 to 4 in a university rural mixed practice. Through participation in professional activities students are expected to develop their communication skills with the public, staff and colleagues. Student interns must achieve a satisfactory grade in all six services (anaesthesia, equine, livestock, small animals, pathology and dermatology) to fulfil the requirements of this unit of study (including passing all unit of study examinations).

This unit of study involves a month rotation with a public agency or company involved in servicing the rural industries and communities and supporting the food and fibre sector. In Australia, the majority of placements are with the NSW Livestock Health and Pest Authorities (LHPA) of NSW or state government Department of Primary Industry (DPI), Australian Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (DAFF), CSIRO or other Faculty approved livestock health and production agency, including research and diagnostic laboratories. Pre-approved overseas locations are encouraged, particularly for international students in their home state or country or students keen to work in developing countries. The rotation enables practical experience of veterinary public health and builds applied knowledge of livestock production industries acquired in semester 8, particularly in herd management and health, legislation and quarantine, food production and hygiene, disease control and prevention, animal welfare and relevant basic and clinical science disciplines. Student interns will be under the supervision of District Veterinarians, Veterinary Officers or their equivalent and involved in ongoing projects including the implementation of regional animal health plans, applied research activities, or veterinary surveillance, extension and regulatory programs. Student interns are expected to fully participate in agreed activities whilst attending this placement, typically taking on the role and schedule of a full time supervised veterinary associate.

The small animal practice extramural rotation builds on skills, knowledge and attitudes, developed throughout the entire course and is designed to enable veterinary student interns to gain a holistic understanding and experience of small animal practice prior to graduation. Veterinary student interns are placed at a Faculty of Veterinary Science approved small animal practice of their choice for a one month rotation. During this time interns are expected to negotiate workplace tasks with their extramural supervisor that enable the achievement of learning outcomes linked to the development of graduate attributes.
Interns are expected to fully participate in agreed activities whilst attending the practice, typically taking on the role and schedule of a full time, supervised veterinary associate.
During the rotation interns are expected to participate in three meetings with the extramural supervisor and complete a communication task.

The UVTHS rotations are designed to give veterinary interns experience in general practice and exposure to the kinds of clients and cases they will encounter upon graduation. In addition, rotation through the referral services will provide students with the opportunity to manage more complex cases and, be exposed to scenarios where referral to a person or practice with more advanced knowledge, training or equipment is indicated. Students will participate in all UVTHS activities, including (but not restricted to) client communication, history taking, physical examination, collection of samples for basic diagnostic tests, radiography, developing treatment plans, routine health management, disease management, medical, surgical and anaesthetic procedures, management of patients in hospital, medical record keeping, intensive care duty and weekend duty.

This unit of study provides veterinary student interns who have attained a suitable WAM based upon academic achievements in years 2-4 with the opportunity to develop greater proficiency in research within a veterinary related discipline of their choice. Eligible students may enrol in the honours unit of study instead of the two standard elective rotations offered in final year.

This unit allows students to discuss Australian rural production and the Australian environment, their interrelation, the issues agriculture and the environment face for the future and the context in which this takes place. It is a core unit for students in BScAgr and BAnVetBioSc and is the main introductory unit for further studies in the Faculty. For studies in the area of Agriculture and Natural Resources, it is important to be able to identify and describe common domestic animals, crops and weeds, broad acre production systems, key environmental issues and to be able to discuss their significance. Students completing this unit of study will be able to relate the Australian environment to opportunities and limitations for agronomy, animal husbandry and native animal and plant species, partly through problem based learning (PBL) in relation to a topical rural issue. In addition students will practice the identification of economic plant species and explore the ecology of pests and weeds and related integrated management practices. Through the problem based activities, students will learn valuable research skills and how to critically assess sources of information through library and database research. Through the production of reports and essays, students can demonstrate academic writing and recognise the importance of academic honesty.

This unit allows the students to discover how climate influences the biophysical and biotic environment and how this affects rural production, native and domestic animals, crops and pastures, native vegetation and pest populations; it also highlights the importance of physics in solving problems in relation to climate and rural production. It is a core unit for students in BScAgr and BAnVetBioSc, builds on knowledge gained in AFNR1001 and lays the basis for studies in the biophysical area of the Faculty. For studies in the area of Agriculture and Natural Resources, it is important to develop knowledge and quantitative skills in the basic physical principles and the main drivers for climate and climate change in an agricultural context. Students completing this unit of study will be able to reflect on the ecosystem interactions between animals, plants and the biophysical environment. In addition, students will experiment with how changes in climate and spatial climate variability can affect animal and pest populations, vegetation densities and cropping patterns and its relation to management decisions. Using problem based activities, students will learn valuable research skills and to critically assess sources of information through library and database research. Students will demonstrate academic writing by producing reports and essays and recognise the importance of academic honesty.

This unit will explore the management of animals in natural and man-made environments. At the end of this unit of study, students will understand: the characteristics of the management systems of the major domestic species used for production in Australia and in a world wide context; the characteristics and principles underpinning sustainable management of native animals in natural and man-made environments; an appreciation of the dependence of living organisms upon their environment; an appreciation of the husbandry practices and innovations that have been adopted by the production industries to retain their competitive advantage; a demonstrated capability in handling and husbandry of the major domestic production animal species, and an appreciation of the application of these skills to non-domestic species; a demonstrated understanding of the importance of high standards of animal welfare practice in the management of animals.

Concepts in Biology is an introduction to the major themes of modern biology. The unit emphasizes how biologists carry out scientific investigations, from the cellular/molecular level to the level of ecosystems. Topics covered in lectures and practicals include: introductory cell biology, with particular emphasis on how cells obtain and use energy; the diversity and biology of microorganisms; an introduction to molecular biology through the role of DNA in protein synthesis, including current developments in DNA technology; genetics or organisms; theories of evolution and phylogenetic analysis, and how they are used to interpret the origins of the diversity of modern organisms; and interactions between organisms in biological communities, with emphasis on Australian ecology.

Living Systems deals with the biology of organisms, from bacteria to large plants and animals, and emphasises the ways in which they can live in a range of habitats. The importance of energy in living systems, and how elements are used and recycled in biological communities, are described. The unit of study includes lectures and laboratory classes on the physiology of nutrition and growth, basic physiological processes of animals and plants, the ways in which organisms control and integrate their activities, and their reproduction. Finally applications of knowledge of genetics and ecology to practical problems in agriculture and conservation are introduced.

This unit of study shares lectures and practical classes with BIOL1002 but also includes more demanding alternative components of Living Systems.

Concepts in Biology (Advanced) builds on the main themes introduced in HSC Biology, with emphasis on current research in biology. Topics covered in lectures and practicals include: cell biology, with particular emphasis on how cells obtain and use energy; the diversity and biology of microorganisms; current developments in molecular biology, including recombinant DNA technology and the human genome project; inheritance, genetics and the origins of diversity of modern organisms; and interactions between organisms in biological communities, with emphasis on Australian ecology. Research-based lectures will expand on the general lecture topics and include current investigations of such diverse topic areas as cancer therapies, metabolic malfunction, anarchy in beehives, evolutionary studies of snake reproductive strategies, plant phylogeny and global environmental change.

It is a core first year unit for all our science-based degrees. It provides a foundation of quantitative skills to be used in further study in applied statistics in later years and in other Units within the Agricultural, Animal, Land & Water, or Horticultural Science degrees. It creates an awareness of the role of experimental design and statistical analysis in the research process. It examines some useful mathematical techniques such as least squares, differentiation and integration as applied to growth curves and linear and nonlinear modelling, especially via the use of computers. Basic statistical topics covered include: describing biological data and variability, sampling and estimation, framing biological hypotheses; estimating a single treatment mean via a confidence interval and testing for a particular mean via a z-test or t-test; estimating or testing the difference between two treatment means. The spreadsheet package Excel and the statistical package GenStat will be used for mathematical and statistical analysis and for graphical presentation.

The aim of the unit of study is to provide those students whose chemical background is weak (or non-existent) with a good grounding in fundamental chemical principles together with an overview of the relevance of chemistry. There is no prerequisite or assumed knowledge for entry to this unit of study. Lectures: A series of 39 lectures, three per week throughout the semester.

CHEM1002 builds on CHEM1001 to provide a sound coverage of inorganic and organic chemistry. Lectures: A series of 39 lectures, three per week throughout the semester.

Chemistry 1A is built on a satisfactory prior knowledge of the HSC Chemistry course. Chemistry 1A covers chemical theory and physical chemistry. Lectures: A series of 39 lectures, three per week throughout the semester.

Chemistry 1B is built on a satisfactory prior knowledge of Chemistry 1A and covers inorganic and organic chemistry. Successful completion of Chemistry 1B is an acceptable prerequisite for entry into Intermediate Chemistry units of study. Lectures: A series of 39 lectures, three per week throughout the semester.

To give students an overview of the structure, viability and importance of the agricultural sector in the Australian economy. It is a core unit of study in the BScAgr, BHortSc and BAnVetBioSc degrees. It is designed to give an understanding of the basic economic principles and how they relate to Australian agriculture. Students will look at basic economic theory and concepts and then apply these concepts to solve simplified versions of real problems faced by the agriculture and resource sectors. Students will look at the relationship between these concepts and the concepts learnt within their science related courses. Students will be able to analyse economic concepts and apply these concepts to real world scenarios. They will be able to synthesis and comprehend the relationship between the economic and science disciplines. The students will gain skills through workshop based tasks, information literacy and communication skills through the presentation of the workshop reports and discussion throughout the workshop.

This introductory unit of study consists of aspects of chemistry relevant in studies of basic and applied biological sciences including agriculture, food and the rural environment. Lecture topics include an introduction to quantitative aspects of bio-analytical chemistry; the principles of basic analytical methods such as spectroscopy, chromatography and electrochemistry; environmental aspects of water and its behaviour as a solvent of hydrophobic solutes, surfactants, neutral hydrophilic solutes, salts and other electrolytes, and gases. A component of the unit will be devoted to basic biological chemistry and enzymology having particular emphasis on biochemical processes in animals. Six laboratory sessions will demonstrate aspects of analytical chemistry including: elemental analysis of foods and natural waters, spectrophotometry, chromatographic techniques, preparation of buffers, fundamentals of pH measurement. A further five laboratory sessions will involve experiments in the preparation and/or properties of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and DNA. One session will examine some fundamental properties of enzymes.

This unit will cover the identification, anatomy, and physiology of Australia's unique native birds, reptiles, amphibians, and mammals. The course also details the threatening processes that are impacting Australia's environment and ecosystems. Processes discussed include climate change, urbanisation, drought, agricultural practices, bush fires, invasive animal species, and disease. The third major focus of the course covers various aspects of in situ, and ex situ conservation, ethical issues related to wildlife conservation, and working with the media. The unit provides an introduction to wildlife and conservation genetics. Assignments will build on the knowledge gained in lectures and practical classes and allow students to investigate topics related to this unit that may be of special interest to them as individuals and a group.

Animal Structure and Function A will develop an understanding of the role of the body systems in maintaining homeostasis in an animal's internal environment. In ASFA the structure and function of the cardiovascular, respiratory, central nervous and urinary systems of the body are explored in depth particularly with reference to the maintenance of homeostasis and an animal's perception of, and response to, its environment. The developed understanding of the normal functioning of these systems allows identification of the impact on the animal of abnormal function of these systems. A study of the structure and function of muscle will include its role in movement and as meat in a production setting. The overall goals of the Unit are (i) to enable students to develop a rich understanding of the relationships between body systems and structures (to be continued in ASFB). (ii) to develop generic skills particularly in oral presentation,(iii) to develop an appreciation of the links between structure and function and their relevance to animal disease and production that will be further developed in Veterinary Pathogenesis as well as in advanced, applied studies in Behaviour in third year and in 4th year Animal Production.

In this Unit students will complete the study of the structure and function of organ systems in animals started in ANSC3103. The role of hormones and the immune systems will be investigated in relation to maintenance of internal homeostasis. An introduction to digestion and male and female reproductive anatomy and physiology will form the basis for further applied studies in these areas in third year Units of Study in Animal Nutrition and Animal Reproduction. There will be development of the generic skills of critically reading and writing.

The overarching theme for this unit of study is the concept of the interaction between the host (or the animal), the agent of disease (genetics, physical, chemical and infectious agents) and environmental factors. In disease states, the host responds to the aetiological agent of disease and the environment through one of the basic five pathological processes that occur in tissues. These include inflammation and repair, degeneration and necrosis, circulatory disturbances, tissue deposits and pigments, and disorders of growth. A case based approach will be used whenever possible to illustrate these principles and enable the student to develop a problem solving approach and the skills of critical thinking.

This unit of study is a core 2nd year unit for students in the BEnvSys, BScAgr and BAnVetBioSc degrees. It consists of three parts. In the first part students will investigate how to use an ANOVA to analyse experiments with more than 2 treatment levels, multiple factors and different blocking designs. In the second part an introduction to a branch of mathematics called linear algebra is given with an emphasis on the applications to statistics and modelling. In the final part students will learn to model relationships between response and predictor variables using regression. During the practicals two software packages; Genstat and Excel, will be used to analyse real datasets. At the end of this unit, students will have learnt how to analyse data using ANOVA and regression, the basic methods needed for their future studies and careers. The students will gain research and inquiry skills through completion of weekly computer assignments. Information literacy and communication skills will be developed through weekly computer work.

This lecture and practical unit of study provides an introduction to the genetics and breeding of plants and animals. It provides an understanding for parallel and following courses. Lectures cover the basics of gene transmission and interaction, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, population and quantitative genetics, as well as the more applied aspects of plant and animal breeding and biotechnology. Practicals emphasise, with agricultural examples, the procedures of genetic and cytogenetic analysis, and the use of computers in simulation procedures in population genetics, quantitative inheritance and selection programs, and provide exposure to current plant and animal breeding and biotechnology.

This Unit of Study builds upon principles discussed in AVBS1002 Concepts of Animal Management. The Unit is broadly divided into four sections, namely: estimating the nutritive characteristics of feeds; defining the nutrient requirements of animals; diet formulation; errors in feeding. The focus is on coming to an understanding of the assessment of nutritional adequacy and the avoidance and solving of nutritional problems, with a particular emphasis on animals used in agricultural production systems and wildlife. The principles discussed in this course will be expanded in the following year, in which species-specific systems will be described. The basis of successful feeding management is an understanding of the following: the composition of feeds; the digestibility and efficiency of utilisation of nutrients by the animal; the nutrient requirements of the animal; interactions between nutrients that influence health and production. And following from this, students will have the ability to formulate diets to meet animal requirements for a variety of purposes and under a variety of constraints; identify deficiencies, excesses and imbalances in diets and so avoid a decline in productive efficiency and/or a decline in health.

This unit of study provides a comprehensive programme on basic and applied aspects of male and female reproductive biology, with particular emphasis on livestock and domestic animals. The fundamental topics include reproductive cycles, sexual differentiation, gametogenesis, fertilization, embryo development, gestation and parturition. An understanding of the applications of advanced reproductive technologies is developed through lectures, tutorials and the assignments. In addition, practical instruction is given on semen collection and processing, manipulation of the reproductive cycle, artificial insemination, and pregnancy diagnosis in sheep and pigs. Classes are held at the Camperdown Campus in Sydney and at the Camden Campus Animal Reproduction Unit and Mayfarm piggery.

The unit of Study explores in detail genetic aspects of commercial animal populations and investigates options for the practical application of genetics to improve animal productivity. It is designed to provide the background material, fundamental concepts and data analysis methods for breeding strategies in each of the animal industries. The unit of study develops basic principles of population and quantitative genetics from Agricultural Genetics. It provides essential background and context to the molecular principles expanded in Animal Biotechnology. Animal Genetics provides the justification for the application for advanced reproductive technologies presented in Animal Reproduction.
At the end of this Unit of Study, students will demonstrate an understanding of: the principles of population genetics and the concepts of relationship and inbreeding, and adverse effects of this inbreeding; the principles of quantitative genetics including the concepts of genetic variance, heritability and repeatability, and methods for the identification and selection of superior livestock; the use of multitrait selection procedures to increase the overall economic value of populations of animals; the constraints to production gains using genetic selection programmes and advantages obtained through crossbreeding; the practical application of selection and crossing in animals; the genetical implications of reproductive technology such as embryo sexing, splitting and cloning, artificial insemination and MOET.

Students are required to undertake professional development in University vacations as an integral and essential part of their overall training in the degree of Bachelor of Animal and Veterinary Bioscience. Students will complete 60 days of professional work experience throughout their program by the commencement of fourth year, including a minimum of 20 days spent on commercial animal production enterprises and one faculty professional development field trip. Students will visit at least three different farming enterprises in the major and emerging animal production industries. The remaining 40 days will include at least one placement with an animal-related business or service provider, and experience in either a scientific research organisation or short scientific volunteer position. Students will undertake additional placements at relevant animal or animal-related businesses, farms or organisations as required to complete 60 days. A professional consultant-style report must be submitted after each placement. Seminars to promote awareness of career options and current issues in animal science will be provided on a regular basis by past graduates and other professionals working in the animal industries. Students are encouraged to attend as many of these as possible throughout their degree program, and are required to submit four case studies based on material presented in these seminars. Attendance at seminars is compulsory during third year. Students will also submit an essay on a current issue in the animal science area of their choice.

This unit of study aims to give students an understanding of the properties of food constituents, and the interactions between these constituents during food processing, storage and digestion. The unit will develop an understanding of the relationship between form and functionality of constituents and the concept of fitness-for-purpose (ie, quality) in converting agricultural products into foods. Students will gain an appreciation of the relationship between chemical composition and properties of macroconstituents (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids) and microconstituents (vitamins, minerals, flavour and antinutritional chemicals) and their functions in plant and animal based foods. The material presented in lectures and practical classes will enable students to develop research and inquiry skills and an analytical approach in understanding the biochemistry of foods, food processing and storage. On completing this unit, students will be able to describe the chemical and biochemical properties of major food constituents, and demonstrate an understanding of the functionality of these constituents in food processing and nutrition. Students will have gained experience in laboratory techniques used in industry for the analysis of some food products, and information literacy and communication skills from the preparation of practical reports.

This field-oriented unit will develop professional expertise in rural ecochemistry, measuring impacts on sustainability and seeking solutions to chemical problems at the catchment scale. AGCH3032 is an elective unit suitable for the BSc, BScAgr, BLWSc, BHortSc, BResEc and BAnVetBioSc degrees, building on intermediate units in chemistry or biochemistry. It will promote knowledge and professional skills related to key chemical processes in ecosystems causing risks to soil and water resources, the quality of agricultural produce and to ecological biodiversity. These will be examined by quantitative risk analysis, targeted monitoring and remediation, seeking innovative solutions (e.g. IPM and genetic modification).
A field trip in the AVCC break and professional report on a chosen topic will investigate relevant case studies at selected centres in eastern Australian doing innovative research on global warming and climate change, soil and water quality and environmental protection. Lectures will provide knowledge in the environmental C, N and S cycles important for sustaining action in ecosystems, the nature of greenhouse gases and mitigation of their production including C sequestration, risks to biota (soil, water, plants, animals) from acidification and innovative means of remediation, environmental risk from pesticides and other pollutants, monitoring and their remediation. In laboratory exercises, students will gain skills in relevant analyses using GC, LC, mass spectrometry and ELISA. The assessment procedures are designed to provide students with skills in definition of research problems and risk assessment, quality in analyses, risk management and remediation, and effective communication of outputs.

This unit focuses on the nature of agricultural and resource commodity markets, market demand relationships, market supply relationships, price determination under alternative market structures, marketing margin relationships, derived demand for inputs, spatially and temporally related markets, market dynamics, price expectations, commodity futures markets and other pertinent topics. Applied examples from the agricultural and resource industries and the overall economy will be used throughout the semester as illustrations of the principles involved.
N.B. Available to 2nd year students in Faculty of Economics and Business.
Advised prerequisite: AGEC2105 or ECMT2110

This unit of study is designed to provide an introductory understanding of agribusiness marketing in a modern context. The unit will provide students in the Sciences degrees with an understanding of how the economic theory taught in first year in AGEC1006 can be treated in an applied context. For BAgrEc students, it is an intermediate level unit in the Agribusiness major.
Students will study the theory relating to the firm-level marketing mix and marketing strategy. The emphasis will be on the organisation and trends of agribusiness marketing including value-adding and market power in the supply chain, market efficiency and international marketing by agribusiness firms.
The unit content is analytical, and draws on applied microeconomics to demonstrate how marketing decisions are made along the marketing chain. At the end of this unit students will be able to use marketing theory to analyse the steps in the marketing chain and be aware of the forces for change within that chain.
By completing this unit, students should have improved their ability to master key theories, identify and frame problems, organise knowledge, carry out individual and group research, and synthesise information. They should also have improved their information literacy skills, and communication skills through group presentations and individual research.

This unit builds on microeconomic principles studied in first year and applies them to the analysis of firms' decisions. Emphasis is put on the formalization of the firm's problem and in the use of duality. The topics include: production functions (single and multi-output); distance functions and their use in the measurement of productivity; the decomposition of productivity and productivity changes; production under risk; cost and profit functions.
N.B. Available to 2nd year students in the Faculty of Economics and Business

This unit of study is designed to introduce decision making problems encountered by firms and agribusiness firms and general methods of solving microeconomic decision making problems. It is unit of study that builds on knowledge gained in junior units of study in particular AGEC1006, AGEC2103 and AGEC2102. Students will review production economics and activity analysis and show how budgeting methods can be used to relate them. They will extend these budgeting techniques to problems of time and risk, using capital and parametric budgeting. Students will also be introduced to linear programming and show how this tool is a practical method of solving decision making problems. Students will learn to consider methods for solving decision making problems where the outcomes are not known with certainty. The students will gain skills through workshop based tasks, an assignment, information literacy and communication skills through the presentation of the workshop reports and discussion throughout the workshop.

The most critical and interesting questions managers of natural resources face deal with the inherent complexity of agricultural systems. Long- and short-term interactions exist between physical (e.g. climate, soil) and biological (crops and other organisms) factors, and the agricultural management, among others. Understanding these interactions and their impacts on production and environmental outcomes in dryland agricultural systems is the overall aim of this unit. AGRO3004 is a core unit for BScAgr students and builds on knowledge and skills gained in the junior units AFNR1001, AFNR1002, AVBS1002, PLNT2003, SOIL2003, and BIOM1003. This unit investigates dryland agro-ecosystems, which can be defined as ecosystems modified for the purpose of producing crops in environments where water limits productivity during part of the year. During the semester, principles of crop and pasture production, integrated pest management, approaches to managing climate variability and precision agriculture are introduced. There will be a focus on understanding effects of climate and weather in dryland systems, especially on understanding crop-water relationships. Attention will be paid to biodiversity and the sustainability of agro-ecosystems. The unit provides an opportunity to develop key graduate attributes for agricultural scientists in information literacy, field experimentation, critical analysis, written expression, and team work.

Lectures, tutorials, laboratories (PCR, DNA sequencing and bioinformatics), seminars and supervised reading and directed learning instruction will cover the application of biotechnology to animal productivity, disease control, the development of new products from animals and the impact of altered micro-organisms and plants on animals. A firm foundation in molecular biology and recombinant DNA technology is provided, with an emphasis on relevance in animals. Regulation of gene expression in vivo and in expression systems, monitoring of gene expression including microarrays and proteomics, gene mapping, genomics and gene discovery are all discussed in contexts relevant to domestic animals. Genetic modifications of animals including transgenesis and gene knockout, and methods for achieving these modifications including cloning by nuclear transfer are detailed. Basic skills in bioinformatics are developed to access and utilise the vast information resources available. Legal methods of protecting intellectual property are described. Finally animal biotechnology is reviewed from an ethical perspective. Animal Biotechnology explores alternative and complementary technologies to the breeding technologies covered in the core Animal Genetics unit of study.

Animal Behaviour and Welfare Science 3 builds on the understanding of animal form and operation that students have developed in prior Units. In Animal Behaviour and Welfare Science 3, the behavioural and physiological responses of mammals, birds and fish to stressors related to husbandry, housing, transport, slaughter, training and performance are explored in some detail. This Unit enables students to develop a three-dimensional appreciation of the responses of animals to common interventions that arise in the context of interacting with humans, including the domestication of livestock species and the management of wildlife. The principles of animal responses to stress are illustrated with production species as the main examples.
Contemporary approaches to the scientific measurement of animal stress and welfare, based on an appropriate selection of scientific disciplines including ethology, physiology and neuroscience, are assessed with an emphasis on livestock species. Genetic, environmental and evolutionary determinants of pain, stress and fear responses in animals are considered in the light of what is known about cognition and motivation in animals. Methods for assessing and enhancing animal environments and husbandry systems are examined and the impact on animal welfare of stockmanship and human personality is explored in the context of human-animal interactions. Finally, the design and conduct of scientific experiments are assessed with a focus on animal ethics and current welfare issues.
Animal Behaviour and Welfare Science 3 includes a compulsory library-based assignment that provides students with an opportunity to select one species on which they report a summary of scientific advances that may contribute to animal welfare.
Other assessment tasks involve the preparation of written or oral reports of the practical class activities. Students are expected to be familiar with press articles and scientific papers on the topic of animal welfare and to contribute to classroom discussions.

The aim of this unit is to examine and appreciate the diversity of various disease causing agents (microbiological and parasitological) of significance to animal industries and the various strategies employed by those agents in the host-pathogen-environment interaction. This study is based on an understanding of the physical, chemical and genetic characteristics of infectious agents of disease and builds on the pathological and immunological processes taught in AVBS2001 Introductory Veterinary Pathogenesis. A scenario/case based approach will be used whenever possible to enable the students to develop problem solving approaches and skills in critical thinking. Cases selected will be those that best illustrate particular concepts and/or are of particular significance to the animal/veterinary industry. Research and industry focus activities will infuse the subject content and student learning outcomes of this unit. This unit is located at the Camperdown campus.

The aim of this unit is to develop an investigative approach and familiarity with laboratory techniques, ethics and safety in preparation for honours or postgraduate training in disease research or disease investigation. Students will work through actual disease research or investigation scenarios via directed and self-directed, individual and group tasks.

This unit explores the dynamics of ecological systems, and considers the interactions between individual organisms and populations, organisms and the environment, and ecological processes. Lectures are grouped around four dominant themes: Interactions, Evolutionary Ecology, The Nature of Communities, and Conservation and Management. Emphasis is placed throughout on the importance of quantitative methods in ecology, including sound planning and experimental designs, and on the role of ecological science in the conservation, management, exploitation and control of populations. Relevant case studies and examples of ecological processes are drawn from marine, freshwater and terrestrial systems, with plants, animals, fungi and other life forms considered as required. Students will have some opportunity to undertake short term ecological projects, and to take part in discussions of important and emerging ideas in the ecological literature.

This field course provides practical experience in terrestrial ecology suited to a broad range of careers in ecology, environmental consulting and wildlife management. Students learn a broad range of ecological sampling techniques and develop a detailed understanding of the logical requirements necessary for manipulative ecological field experiments. The field work incorporates survey techniques for plants, small mammals and invertebrates and thus provides a good background for ecological consulting work. Students attend a week-long field course and participate in a large-scale research project as well as conducting their own research project. Invited experts contribute to the lectures and discussions on issues relating to the ecology, conservation and management of Australia's terrestrial flora and fauna.

Australia has a unique terrestrial vertebrate fauna, but also has the worst record of recent mammalian extinctions. Because of Australia's unusual climate, landforms, and the rarity of many species, the management of our native wildlife presents special challenges for biologists, conservationists and land managers. This unit of study addresses the biogeography, ecology and management of Australia's terrestrial fauna. The subject comprises of a five-day field course at Mary River Park in the Northern Territory. During the course, students will learn how to carry out wildlife surveys, how to identify animals, and how to track wildlife. The field trip will be complemented by lectures from experts in the evolution, ecology and management of wildlife. A one day field trip to Litchfield National Park will be held on the last day of the field course.

This unit is an introduction to insects, the most abundant group of organisms. The course begins with insect external and internal anatomy, feeding modes, life cycles and behaviour. Real world examples are used to demonstrate the ecological roles insects play in natural and agricultural ecosystems (e.g. pollinators, herbivores, predators, parasitoids, disease vectors). This knowledge is then linked to aspects of applied entomology: insecticides, biological control, habitat manipulation, integrated pest management, medical entomology and insect conservation. Practical sessions focus on insect morphology and taxonomy, so that students learn to identify common insect orders and families. Students must make a representative insect collection. This course forms the basis of students' entomological knowledge for BScAgr and BHortSc degrees and lays the foundation for future study in entomology.

This unit of study covers topics in environmental law and ethics. The environmental law component provides an overview of laws in Australia pertaining to environmental matters and looks at a number of environmental issues at the various levels of analysis, policy making, implementation of policy, enforcement, and dispute resolution. It also provides a broad background to the political and economical issues as they relate to the legal issues involved. It also examines international environmental law, particularly examining how these influence and affect our local policies. The ethics component helps students develop thoughtful and informed positions on issues in environmental ethics using arguments derived from traditional ethics as well as environmentally specific theories. Ethical conflicts are often inevitable and difficult to resolve but using the resources of philosophical ethics and regular reference to case studies, students can learn to recognize the values and considerations at stake in such conflicts, acknowledge differing viewpoints and defend their own well considered positions.

This unit of study is composed of two components: environmental impact assessment and risk assessment. The former is generally concerned with issues related to environmental impact assessment and builds toward the process of producing an EIS/EIA. More specifically it seeks to establish a critical understanding of the theory and practice of environmental impact studies/statements (EIS) and environmental impact assessment processes (EIA) from both the positive (scientific) and normative (value) perspectives. Emphasis is placed on gaining skills in writing and producing an assessment report, which contains logically ordered and tightly structured argumentation that can stand rigorous scrutiny by political processes, the judiciary, the public and the media. The risk assessment component considers a more chemical approach to the assessment of risk and issues of safety with respect to chemicals, ecotoxicology and the environment. It draws on current environmental management practice to investigate what constitutes risk and to demonstrate how risk may be managed.

This unit of study is designed to introduce students to the analysis of data they may face in their future careers, in particular data that are not well behaved, they may be non-normal, there may be missing observations or they may be correlated in space and time. In the first part, students will learn how to analyse and design experiments based on the general linear model. In the second part, they will learn about the generalisation of the general linear model to accommodate non-normal data and data that is correlated in time. A major project will focus on the analysis of a dataset from an existing research project. At the end of this unit, students will have learnt a range of advanced statistical methods and be equipped to apply this knowledge to analyse data that they may encounter in their future studies and careers. The students will gain research and inquiry skills through completion of a major project. Information literacy and communication skills will be developed through weekly computer work.

This unit provides a broad understanding of the evolution, classification and diversity of terrestrial plants, and the principles of plant ecology in an Australian context. The major types of Australian vegetation are discussed across a range of temporal and spatial scales, and their current distribution related to their environment and origins. Selected contemporary issues in plant conservation from Australian natural and managed systems are explored. There is a strong emphasis on practical skills such as phylogenetic inference, plant identification and the collection and analysis of ecological data. The practical component of the unit of study uses examples taken from the Australian flora (including plants of horticultural significance) and major crop plants. Important elements of this unit are half-day field trips to the Royal National Park, and the construction of student herbaria. The practical sessions and interactions with staff encourage students to develop their own learning style and enhance a strong sense of self-reliance. Critical thinking, effective communication and other vocational and generic skills are emphasized. The content is well suited to students with interests in botany, plant science and ecology, and is often combined with units of study offered through the School of Biological Sciences and the Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources. This unit of study also complements a wide range of units of study from: science (e.g. plant science, earth and environmental science, animal science, bioinformatics, molecular and cell biology, genetics and biotechnology); agriculture (e.g. horticulture, land and water science, and natural resources); and broader disciplines (e.g. education, arts, and environmental law).

This unit of study investigates the structure of cells, tissues and organs of flowering plants and relates them to function. Topics include; how photosynthesis, translocation, water transport and nutrition relate to the structures that carry out these processes. Most of the information on plant structure will be provided in self-instructional audio-visual sessions augmented by small group discussions. This is integrated with experiments carried out in the laboratory or on field excursions to investigate the physiological aspects of plant structures. There is a focus on recent advances in plant molecular biology where they have been critical in enhancing our understanding of the form and function of plants. The physiological and anatomical responses of plants to extreme environments such as drought and salinity will also be addressed. Attention will be paid to the anatomy and physiology of crop, horticultural and Australian native plants. This unit of study complements Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Australian Flora: ecology and conservation and Cell Biology and leads onto senior units of study in plant sciences, including Plant Growth and Development. It is essential for those seeking a career in plant molecular biology.

This unit of study is designed to introduce students to the fundamental concepts within pedology, soil physics and soil chemistry. These concepts are part of the grounding principles that underpin crop and animal production, nutrient and water cycling, and environmental sustainability taught by other units of study in the Faculty. Students will participate in a two-day field excursion in the first week of semester to examine some common soils of the Sydney Basin, they will also learn to describe soil, and measure soil chemical and physical properties in the field. Referring to common soil profiles of the Sydney Basin, students will concentrate on factors affecting soil formation, the rudiments of soil description, and analysis of soil properties that are used in soil classification. Students will also develop knowledge of the physics of water and gas movement, soil strength, soil chemical properties, inorganic and organic components, nutrient cycles and soil acidity in an agricultural context. At the end of this unit students will become familiar with the factors that determine a soil's composition and behaviour, and will have an understanding of the most important soil physical and chemical properties. Students will develop communication skills through essay, report and practical exercises. The final report and laboratory exercise questions are designed to develop team work and collaborative efforts.

This Unit of Study extends your understanding of animal health from knowledge gained in units completed in earlier years, including AVBS2001 Introduction to Veterinary Pathogenesis and AVBS3001 Agents of disease. In particular we look at general aspects of animal health and disease in terms of epidemiology, exotic/emergency diseases of risk to Australia and principles of vaccines and vaccinations. Health and disease issues relevant to various species, including sheep, cattle, pigs, poultry, fish and wildlife are presented by experts in these fields. A range of management and interventional strategies that are currently in use to minimise the impact of disease are also discussed. After completing this Unit of Study, students will demonstrate an understanding of:
the principles of animal management that are implemented to optimise health and to reduce the incidence and severity of disease; the fundamental principles of disease in animal populations; specific infectious diseases of consequence for growth, reproduction and for the production of meat, wool, milk and eggs; approaches to their control and prevention through environmental and nutritional management, and interventional techniques such as vaccination programmes. These are considered in the context of commercial animal production and the health of wildlife animals. A two day field trip to Arthursleigh farm which focuses on the management of sheep, cattle and wildlife, and a visit to the research and development field station of an international animal health company reiterate many aspects of the unit of study.

This unit will explore the various aspects of dairy farming and the dairy industry from a scientific point of view. The lectures are a mix of the principles on which sound dairy farming is based and practical examples of how this operates in practice. Focus is placed on integrating knowledge to gain understanding on the system of production as a whole.
At the end of this unit of study, students will demonstrate a solid understanding of: the characteristics of the dairy industry in Australia and in a world wide context; the key components of pasture-based dairy systems; principles and practices of pasture and feeding management; the application of new technologies to improve efficiency and productivity (particularly automatic milking).
In addition, students will demonstrate an appreciation of key aspects of reproduction and lactation physiology; the integration of knowledge of genetics and reproduction into the type of herd improvement structure set up in the dairy industry; the application of ruminant physiology knowledge to developing feeding programs for dairy cows; the extension of basic reproductive physiology onto the dairy farm using case studies as examples; the economics of the dairy farm business. Practical classes include milking cows; grazing and feeding management of dairy cows; calf rearing; and several visits to commercial farms ranging from small pasture-based dairy farms to a feed-lot operation milking over 2,000 cows.

This unit of study focuses on the role and animal and veterinary biosciences in the field of wildlife management. The unit encourages an approach that spans management, wildlife biology and laboratory sciences. In recognition of the power of genetics as a tool in wildlife management and research, a large component of this course reviews fundamental genetic principals and their application in the disciplines of molecular, evolutionary and conservation genetics and focuses on how we use genetic theory and knowledge to better understand and conserve our wildlife.
At the end of this unit of study, students will demonstrate an understanding of: important issues in wildlife management in Australia and the Asia-pacific region; project management as it applies to multifaceted wildlife research and management issues; application of a range of genetic and physiological methods to the study of ecological issues; the use of appropriate analytical methods and molecular markers in wildlife conservation and management; the underlying genetic structural design of the natural world and how this reflects and influences evolutionary processes in healthy and diseased populations; the use of molecular information to test hypotheses about evolutionary, ecological and social structure of species; how to critically review the ways in which genetic principals are applied to the management and conservation of species; the use of appropriate analytical methods and molecular markers in wildlife conservation and management; how to conduct an investigation into a management problem in wildlife including project design and management recommendations.
Students are expected to immerse themselves into the field of conservation, evolutionary genetics and wildlife to develop the ability to critically evaluate the subject. There will be a substantial amount of reading required for the course. There is no formal text; students will be directed to a recommended reading list of both primary and secondary literature.

This Unit of Study focuses on the issues and practices in the animal industry relevant to food safety and zoonotic disease. This unit will cover general food safety issues, including risk assessment and hazard analysis of microbes and chemicals. Food-borne diseases of animal origin and their impact on public heath will be explored through the examination of zoonotic diseases in scenario-based learning activities. In these processes diagnostic and strategic methods of investigating, controlling and preventing food-borne disease outbreaks will be explored. Students will be introduced to national and international animal and human health policy pertaining to food safety regulations and surveillance initiatives and strategies that underpin these policies. Students in this unit will be introduced to the issues regarding emerging food-borne pathogens and current industry driven topics. By the end of the unit, students should have global and local perspective on the major food-borne diseases, surveillance and control programs. This unit is located at the Camden Campus.

Feed accounts for approximately 70% of the input costs associated with animal industries, including both monogastric (poultry and pigs, laboratory animals) ruminants (feedlot cattle and sheep) and caecal fermenters (horses, rabbits). The "feed industry" is described as the largest supporting industry for animal agriculture and is a major employer of graduates (undergraduate and postgraduate). Feed technology is a broad topic and includes aspects of feed ingredient characteristics, feed manufacturing, feed additive biotechnology and applied nutrition. The course will provide in-depth understanding of the feed industry, factors influencing ingredient variability and availability (physical and economical), methods and applications of processing of ingredients to increase nutritional value, assessment of digestibility, and feed additives and supplements. All facets of the production and regulation of feed production will be discussed relative to their importance in animal agriculture and food production. Expect applied practical information as well as fairly detailed nutritional biochemistry.

This unit of study is composed of two parts, a Poultry Production component and a Pig Production component. The course will provide students with a comprehensive overview of the production of eggs and poultry meat and pork. The individual components examine various aspects of the poultry and pig production systems important in maintaining efficiency and profitability. It investigates aspects of breeding, nutrition, housing, growth performance, heath, welfare, reproductive capability, waste management, marketing and current industry issues. This unit will expand on some aspects of previous year 3 units of study in animal structure and function, nutrition and reproduction. There is a broiler growth study which comprises a significant part of the practical work in the Poultry component. There is a strong emphasis on assessment being built into the course work as this is considered to be more relevant to learning in the final year. The poultry unit has a newly commissioned pelleting mill and this will provide a wider range of opportunities for students interested in nutrition and feed processing.

The Unit of Study explores in detail aspects of commercial aquaculture, including global trends in aquaculture development. Other topics include water quality, feeding, management, health and disease, genetics and reproduction, environmental impact and economic constraints to production. The unit of study emphasises methods to improve aquacultural productivity. It builds on basic principles of anatomy, physiology, nutrition, genetics and health and disease presented in other units of study in BAnVetBioSc. At the end of this Unit of Study, students will demonstrate an understanding of the principles of: the context of aquaculture in global food production; husbandry, management and welfare of aquaculture species; comparative aspects of husbandry in aquaria, domestic, commercial; health and disease relevant to aquaculture; nutrition of aquaculture species; reproduction and genetics of species in aquaculture; water quality and environmental impact of aquaculture; economics and marketing of aquaculture products.

This unit introduces the concepts of sheep (wool and meat) and beef cattle production in the Australian environment within the context of world food and fibre consumption and production. The key products as well as domestic and export markets for these are presented. The course provides an historical perspective of the basis for each of these industries and describes each of the production systems designed to meet the demand for these products.
Production in both the tropical and temperate regions of Australia will be covered and include the key elements of extensive grazing and intensive feedlot systems. Major issues will include breeds and breeding systems, basic nutrition and production practices and animal welfare issues as they affect the quality and quantity of product marketed.
The concepts of first stage processing of both meat and fibre products in abattoirs and top-making plants respectively will be presented. The major factors that influence the quality of product and therefore grading and market demand will be presented.
Lecture material will be supported with appropriate practical classes and a 5 day study tour to the Riverina to evaluate different commercial production systems.

Research Project B is composed of 12 credit points and consists of units AVBS4013 (Research Project B1) and 4014 (Research project B2). AVBS4013 and AVBS4014 must be completed in separate semesters, and unit AVBS4013 must be completed prior to unit AVBS4014. In AVBS4013, students, after consultation with academic(s) and/or researcher(s) choose an area of research interest and investigate various sources of information to produce a written literature review in the chosen research area. Students will also be required to give an oral presentation on some aspect of the research area chosen. In most cases there will be strong alignment between this unit and the activities undertaken in unit AVBS4014.
At the end of this Unit of Study, students will:
identify a research area, define a problem that impacts on animals and analyse this problem using information from various sources; critically evaluate current research (experimental design, statistical analysis, technical limitations) and identify where the present knowledge is limiting for the chosen research topic; assimilate and manage information from within and across disciples to provide new concepts or understanding in the area of research; become familiar with scientific principles of research and the ethical use of animals in research; produce a written review, after effectively resourcing the appropriate information, that is clearly written and which abides to accepted principles of scientific writing; develop competency at structuring and delivering an oral presentation on some research topic; apply the range of interpersonal skills necessary to work with peers and researchers.

Research Project B is composed of 12 credit points and consists of units 4013 (Research Project B1) and 4014 (Research Project B2). AVBS4013 and AVBS4014 must be completed in separate semesters, and unit AVBS4013 must be completed prior to unit AVBS4014. In AVBS4014, students, after consultation with an academic(s) and/or researcher(s) choose to:
Undertake the evaluation and analysis of existing experimental data and produce a report (written/ oral);in conjunction with a student undertaking units of study in Research Project A, participate in a defined component of this project and produce a report (written/ oral); undertake a laboratory project or small project involving animal experimentation and produce a suitable report (written/ oral); produce a desktop review of an animal industry problem or issue; participate in a group project with other students undertaking Unit 4014 and produce a report (written/ /oral); undertake some other activity that meets the learning outcomes for this unit of study and produce a report (written/poster/oral). This activity will need to be sanctioned by the Program Coordinator and the year 4 coordinators of the BAnVetBioSc course as well as supervising academic(s)/researcher(s).

Research Project A is composed of 24 credit points and consists of units AVBS4015 (Research Project A1), AVBS4016 (Research Project A2), AVBS4017 (Research Project A3) and AVBS4018 (Research Project A4). The units need to be taken in chronological order, commencing with enrolment in unit AVBS4015, which must be completed in a semester prior to unit AVBS4018. All four units are connected to the overall completion of the research project. Prior to start of this unit of study, students after consultation with an academic(s) and/or researcher(s) choose an area of research interest and this will form the basis of the entire Research Project A program (24 credit points in total). In unit AVBS4015 students will be required to undertake assessment tasks and conduct research activities.
At the end of this Unit of Study, students will:
Identify a research area, define a problem that impacts on animals and analyse this problem using information from various sources; critically evaluate current research (experimental design, statistical analysis, technical limitations) and identify where the present knowledge limiting for the chosen research topic; assimilate and manage information from within and across disciples to provide new concepts or understanding in the area of research; become familiar with scientific principles of research and the ethical use of animals in research; undertake research related to the project; meet set assessment tasks designed to develop written and oral presentation skills; apply the range of interpersonal skills necessary to work with peers and other researchers; meet deadlines and maintain accurate records related to the project.

Students will actively work on the research projects identified at the start of unit AVBS4015. This is will include, where appropriate, undertaking animal and laboratory studies, collection and analysis of samples and data, recording of data, continue to evaluate information from various sources and meet set assessment deadlines.
See under AVBS4015 for further information.

See under AVBS4015 and AVBS4016.

See under AVBS4015 and AVBS4016. Students must complete unit AVBS4018 in a separate semester to unit AVBS4015, and AVBS4105 must be completed prior to AVBS4018.

A unit of study with lectures, practicals and tutorials on the application of recombinant DNA technology and the genetic manipulation of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Lectures cover the applications of molecular genetics in biotechnology and consider the impact and implications of genetic engineering. Topics include the cloning and expression of foreign genes in bacteria, yeast, animal and plant cells, novel human and animal therapeutics and vaccines including human gene therapy, new diagnostic techniques for human and veterinary disease, the transformation of animal and plant cells, the genetic engineering of animals and plants, and the environmental release of genetically-modified (transgenic) organisms. Practical work may include nucleic acid isolation and manipulation, gene cloning and PCR amplification, DNA sequencing and computer analysis of gene sequences, immunological detection of proteins, and the genetic transformation and assay of plants.

A unit of study comprising lectures, practical assignments and tutorials on the application of bioinformatics to the storage, retrieval and analysis of biological information, principally in the form of nucleotide and amino acid sequences. Although the main emphasis is on sequence data, other forms of biological information are considered.
The unit begins with the assembly and management of nucleotide sequence data and an introduction to the databases that are normally used for the storage and retrieval of biological data, and continues with signal detection and analysis of deduced products, sequence alignment, and database search methods. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on distance-based methods, parsimony methods and maximum-likelihood methods is described and students are introduced to the idea of tree-space, phylogenetic uncertainty, and taught to evaluate phylogenetic trees and identify factors that will confound phylogenetic inference. Finally, whole genome analysis and comparative genomics are considered. The unit gives students an appreciation of the significance of bioinformatics in contemporary biological science by equipping them with skills in the use of a core set of programs and databases for "in silico" biology, and an awareness of the breadth of bioinformatics resources and applications.

This is a final year elective in the two degrees, BScAgr, and BAnVetBiosci. Approximately a half of the face-to-face contact hours will be given as an intensive, and this section of the unit will be held during the mid-year break before semester 2. Lecture and practical work in cytogenetics, especially of plant and animal species of applied interest in plant agriculture, animal agriculture and other applied interest in animal genetics, such as companion, native and endangered species. The lecture component covers the molecular nature of chromosomes and their transmission, variation in chromosome behaviour, both normal and disease related. In addition, the uses of chromosome engineering to produce variation in plants and animals will also be covered. The practical component covers the technologies used to study chromosomes or both plants and animals, both mitotic and meiotic chromosomes, and molecular techniques such as in situ hybridisation, gene activity and chromosomal protein localisation. On completion, students will be able to apply cytogenetic knowledge and technologies to species of eukaryotes of economic significance, and know how cytogenetic processes have affected the development of these species.

After completing the Veterinary Epidemiology I unit students will be able to - discuss epidemiology and the work of epidemiologists in relation to other disciplines; apply the concepts of epidemic theory and herd immunity appropriately to animal disease control issues; contribute to investigations of disease outbreaks and low productivity in animal populations; calculate and interpret the measures of disease frequency and measures of association; select an appropriate epidemiological study design for a specific research question; identify and minimise sources of bias and error in study designs; select appropriate diagnostic tests and interpret their results (at individual and herd level).

After completing Veterinary Epidemiology 2, students will be able to design an appropriate epidemiology study to investigate a specific research question, including the: sampling procedure; data collection tools; database for data storage and manipulation; statistical procedures; methods to manage confounders, clustering and collinearity.

After completing Hazards to Human and Animal Health, students will be able to: Describe the key elements of risk assessment and the concepts of hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) intervention; List sources of chemical contamination of food of animal origin and describe how to detect, monitor and prevent these; Explain how the national residue survey works; Discuss the microbial hazards in food of animal origin and the means by which they affect humans, and identify critical control points; Summarise key points of the current antibiotic resistance debate concerning the implications for public health of antibiotic use in animals; Describe critical aspects of important zoonotic diseases acquired by humans by ingestion of animal products and other routes of exposure and identify possible means of prevention; Analyse the factors that influence the emergence of new diseases and discuss changes that need to be implemented in animal and human health surveillance; List the notifiable animal diseases (endemic and emergency) in Australia and discuss the rationale and process for notification and control; describe global trends in livestock disease distribution - both in time and space; Describe the disease control programs for a range of current animal diseases and discuss their health, welfare and political ramifications.

After completing Animal Health Economics, participants will be able to: Discuss the importance of animal diseases in efficiency of animal production, consumers' perceptions of animals and animal products, and global trade; Analyse economic problems using basic methods such as partial budgeting, cost-benefit analysis and decision analysis; Detail the critical steps in systems analysis and choose appropriate modelling types and techniques; Describe the uses of linear and dynamic programming, and Markov chain and Monte Carlo simulations; Discuss the basic principles of risk analysis; Explain the basic steps in the decision-making process and the role of risk analysis in this process; Explain the role of decision support systems in animal health management and demonstrate their profitability; Build and interpret spreadsheet models for economic analyses in MS EXCEL; Discuss the importance of Animal Health Economics in decision making, implementation and evaluation of animal health programs, and policy development and implementation processes.

After studying the Principles of Animal Health Policy Development unit, students will be able to: Describe the structure and role of Australia's Veterinary Service; Outline the process of law making and policy development in relation to public health and animal health in Australia; Outline current policy issues relating to veterinary public health and animal health in Australia; Discuss strategies used to resolve conflicts among stakeholders and to address the economic, political, technical and social issues that may arise; Discuss the means whereby veterinary public health and animal health policy is monitored and enforced; Discuss evaluation and improvement strategies for animal health policy.

In this course, students will work with existing data. Issues of developing a study design will not be dealt with. Students will however consider the impact of a particular study design on the interpretation of the data generated. After studying this unit students will be able to: Identify potential sources of data and their strengths and weaknesses; Identify and apply appropriate analytical and statistical methods for different purposes; Analyse data using commonly available software programs; Identify and manage potential bias and confounding in data; Describe and interpret the results of data analysis; Incorporate the outcomes of data analysis in policy development.

After studying the Wildlife Epidemiology unit, you will be able to: Apply epidemiological concepts to wildlife populations. Explain the concept of disease ecology. Discuss issues relevant to disease determination in wildlife populations and explain the associated diagnostic challenges. Discuss alternate study methodologies and design a valid observational study for a wildlife population. Discuss design and analysis issues relevant to wildlife disease studies. Identify sources of wildlife animal health data and discuss wildlife health information systems. Critically review published literature on wildlife disease studies.
This unit is offered in alternate years to VETS7014 Aquatic Animal Epidemiology.

After studying Risk Analysis you will be able to: Apply the terminology and major concepts, principles, tools and techniques used in risk management in an animal health context; Analyse and evaluate the main approaches to risk management in animal health (including veterinary public health) and trade; Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of some of the tools used in risk management; Synthesise the tasks and issues associated with risk management with your knowledge of animal and public health; Approach risk communication with an understanding of the different methods of good risk communication and the relationship between risk perception and risk communication.

After studying Surveillance, Preparedness & Response you will be able to: Explain how surveillance contributes to the assessment and management of risks that affect public health, animal health, or trade; Provide advice on the development of a surveillance strategy to meet defined objectives; Describe a preferred framework for managing animal health emergencies.

After studying this unit students will be able to: Describe the important characteristics of the main epidemiological data types; Develop a data-collection form for an epidemiological study; Design a simple relational database for recording animal health-related data; Manage data in a computer spreadsheet, including importing, exporting, recoding, transforming and summarising data; Undertake descriptive analysis of data using computer spreadsheets or other appropriate software; Undertake descriptive analysis of data using computer spreadsheets or other appropriate software.

Completing the research project will enable you to execute research in a professional and ethical manner. A six credit point project should equate to at least 150 hours work.

Completing the research project will enable you to execute research in a professional and ethical manner. A 12 credit point project should equate to at least 300 hours work.

After completing this unit, students will be able to: Understand and describe the biologic principles of common tests and how their inherent characteristics affect their accuracy and precision; Analyse and summarise data from a test evaluation or test comparison study; Critique published test evaluation studies and describe their strengths and weaknesses considering design and analysis guidelines in the veterinary medical literature; Incorporate quantitative test results in clinical decision making about an individual animal's disease status; Interpret test results from prevalence estimation studies involving single and multiple animal; opulations, from risk factor studies and from disease surveillance systems; Plan a disease surveillance system or disease survey and select a diagnostic test(s) (considering its strengths and weaknesses) to meet specified surveillance or survey objectives.

This Unit of Study, delivered by distance education using an online classroom, will using four case studies introduce students to the application of three statistical procedures (linear regression, logistic regression, survival analysis) in epidemiological research for animal health and public health. Approaches to account for the impact of confounding, effect modification and clustering suitable for these statistical procedures will be discussed.
After completing this unit, students will be able to: identify an appropriate statistical method for testing associations with a categorical and a continuous outcome; conduct descriptive and univariable regression analyses using standard statistical software; build multivariable linear and logistic models for measurg association of a variable with an outcome after accounting for other variables and confounders; interpret the output of regression analyses from standard statistical software and present the results in research papers and project reports; evaluate statistical results presented in epidemiology journals (such as Preventive Veterinary Medicine) and identify clustering in epidemiological data and have basic skills to account for clustering while analysing hierarchical data.

The Leadership, People and Organisations unit will aim to raise awareness of the need for leadership and management skills amongst veterinary public health professionals. Through experiential learning activities, group case study analysis and scenario based problem-solving activities, students will identify how they can develop effective management and leadership skills at the residential session. In the online classroom, students will use independent study and group learning to further explore aspects of leadership and working successfully within organisations.
After completing the Leadership, People and Organisations unit, students will be able to: explain the importance and principles of leadership in the context of animal health management and veterinary public health: discuss aspects of leadership such as personality, intelligence, values, cultural differences, motivations, self efficacy and perception: identify their own skill requirements: use and explain the principles of action learning: explain the effects of group dynamics in work teams: discuss how power and influence impact on success at work: analyse and develop their own leadership skills: explain how work design can affect organizational and team success: discuss organizational behaviour and culture: recommend strategies to transform organizations.

The Leadership: Managing Change unit of study will cover advanced leadership and management issues in veterinary public health. A key role for managers and leaders is managing change. The aims of this course are to: introduce you to selected theories and concepts which underpin the practice of change management; explore the roles that you and others play in initiating and facilitating organisations to change; provide you with frameworks for analysing and understanding your own experience of change in organisations; identify the range of key skills you need to effectively lead and implement change; assess your own change skills and recognise the special abilities you have already developed.
This unit looks at change on many levels, beginning with a micro focus on the individual and culminating with a more macro view of the whole organisational system. It balances practical skill building with a solid foundation of theoretical understanding. In this unit of study students will explore managing change around three central concepts: the change agent; change perspectives; change and organisations.

This unit of study is an introduction to project management for students whose main objective is to develop a range of skills in the field of Veterinary Public Health Management. The unit of study is composed of a 3-day residential and distance education, together totalling 150 hours. As a result, not every area of project management can be covered in depth. The unit concentrates on the project management processes and deliverables in order to give the student a solid grounding in project management. Obviously project management also involves other areas such as leadership, "soft skills" and the strategic aspects of projects. While some soft skills specific to project management are covered, other leadership and team management aspects are not covered in this unit of study. They are however covered in the Leadership units of study that are core to the Veterinary Public Health Management Program.
After completing Project Management, students will be able to: define project context, project phases and project knowledge areas; use common project management terminology; define project initiation stage processes and deliverables; define the processes required to execute and control the project plan; define project closing processes and to create a project review report (PRR) as part of a process to continually improve their understanding of project management; discuss the complexities and challenges of project management; propose effective strategies to deal with these complexities and challenges.
Students will also be able to define project planning stage processes and create a project plan including a: Stakeholder Management Plan; Scope Management Plan; Time Management Plan; Cost Management Plan; Quality Management Plan; Communications Management Plan; HR Management Plan; Risk Management Plan.

This unit of study seeks to enable the development of key managerial skills. Topic areas include strategic planning, management systems, organisational design, human resources, finance, budgets, marketing, self-management, career planning and stakeholder management. By the end of this unit of study you should be able to: design and maintain a successful management system, based on a knowledge of organisational systems that support effective managerial practice; plan, implement, communicate and manage medium and long term strategy; recruit, manage and participate in an effective team; analyse, evaluate and communicate the financial status of an organisation; prepare, manage and report on transparent and accurate budgets; plan and implement marketing objectives; identify and reflect on your own managerial strengths and plan for your future; identify key stakeholders and plan management strategies to address their concerns, practise effective negotiation skills, as part of effective stakeholder management, develop communication skills in order to effectively communicate technical, scientific, financial and commercial information to separate stakeholders.

This unit will allow students to be supervised in specific areas of study that are not covered in any existing postgraduate units. The purpose of this unit may include: interest in specific practical skill area, allowing greater depth of skill development following from core units of study at Graduate Certificate level; interest in enhanced knowledge of a particular subject matter; additional learning required to support a research project. Students must discuss learning outcomes, methods for achieving them, assessment and assessment criteria with their supervisor and submit documentation to the Associate Dean, Postgraduate Coursework by the census date of the relevant semester.
At the end of this Unit of Study, students will be able to: discuss the major issues associated with their subject area; interpret and critically evaluate scientific material or information in their subject area; make informed decisions in their subject area and implement them; clearly communicate understanding of their subject area.

Completing the research project will enable you to execute research in a professional and ethical manner. Each six credit points should equate to at least 150 hours work. This unit of study is for candidates of the MVPHMgt and the MVPH who wish to complete further research towards honours.

Completing the research project will enable you to execute research in a professional and ethical manner. Each six credit points should equate to at least 150 hours work. This unit of study is for candidates of the MVPHMgt and the MVPH who wish to complete further research towards honours.

This unit of study builds on the knowledge gained in VETS8004 Advanced Animal Genetics to enable students to enhance their understanding of quantitative genetics and apply them to animal breeding programs. The unit will be taught online with one short residential session in Armidale and is a core unit of study in the Animal Breeding Management course. After completing Genetic Evaluation and Breeding, students will be able to: Apply quantitative genetic principles in animal breeding programs; Explain commonly used genetic evaluation methods; Discuss the issues involved in breeding program design; Discuss the potential influence of new reproductive and genetic technologies on animal breeding programs; Independently solve common animal breeding problems.

By completing this unit of study, students should be able to: apply skills in quantitative genetics in simulated cases based in each of the major industry groupings; develop optimal breeding objectives and design effective breeding programs, both within and across farming units.

This unit will cover: principles of population genetics and the concepts of relationship and inbreeding, and adverse effects of this inbreeding; The principles of quantitative genetics including the concepts of genetic variance, heritability and repeatability, and methods for the identification and selection of superior livestock; The use of multitrait selection procedures to increase the overall economic value of populations of animals; The constraints to production gains using genetic selection programmes and advantages obtained through crossbreeding; The practical application of selection and crossing in animals; The genetical implications of reproductive technology such as embryo sexing, splitting and cloning, artificial insemination and MOET.

At the end of this unit of study, students will demonstrate an understanding of: the application of biotechnology to animal productivity, disease control, the development of new products from animals and the impact of altered micro-organisms and plants on animals; molecular biology and recombinant DNA technology, with an emphasis on relevance in animals; regulation of gene expression in vivo and in expression systems; monitoring of gene expression including microarrays and proteomics, gene mapping, genomics and gene discovery in contexts relevant to domestic animals; genetic modifications of animals including transgenesis and gene knockout, and methods for achieving these modifications including cloning by nuclear transfer; basic skills in bioinformatics; legal methods of protecting intellectual property; ethics & animal biotechnology.

This Unit of Study builds upon principles discussed in ANSC2002 (Animal Science 2). The Unit is broadly divided into four sections, namely: estimating the nutritive characteristics of feeds; defining the nutrient requirements of animals; diet formulation; errors in feeding. The focus is on coming to an understanding of the assessment of nutritional adequacy and the avoidance and solving of nutritional problems, with a particular emphasis on animals used in agricultural production systems and wildlife. The principles discussed in this course will be expanded in the following year, in which species-specific systems will be described. The basis of successful feeding management is an understanding of the following: the composition of feeds; the digestibility and efficiency of utilisation of nutrients by the animal; the nutrient requirements of the animal; interactions between nutrients that influence health and production. And following from this, students will have the ability to formulate diets to meet animal requirements for a variety of purposes and under a variety of constraints; identify deficiencies, excesses and imbalances in diets and so avoid a decline in productive efficiency and/or a decline in health.

This unit of study provides a comprehensive programme on basic and applied aspects of male and female reproductive biology, with particular emphasis on livestock and domestic animals. The fundamental topics include reproductive cycles, sexual differentiation, gametogenesis, fertilization, embryo development, gestation and parturition. An understanding of the applications of advanced reproductive technologies is developed through lectures, tutorials and the assignments. In addition, practical instruction is given on semen collection and processing, manipulation of the reproductive cycle, artificial insemination, and pregnancy diagnosis in sheep and pigs. Classes are held at the Camperdown Campus in Sydney and at the Camden Campus Animal Reproduction Unit in Cobbittyand Mayfarm piggery

This unit will allow students to be supervised in specific areas of study that are not covered in any existing postgraduate units. The purpose of this unit may include: interest in specific practical skill area, allowing greater depth of skill development following from core units of study at Graduate Certificate level; interest in enhanced knowledge of a particular subject matter; additional learning required to support a research project. Students must discuss learning outcomes, methods for achieving them, assessment and assessment criteria with their supervisor and submit documentation to the Sub Dean for Postgraduate Coursework by the census date of the relevant semester.
At the end of this Unit of Study, students will be able to: Discuss the major issues associated with their subject area; Interpret and critically evaluate scientific material or information in their subject area; Make informed decisions in their subject area and implement them; Clearly communicate understanding of their subject area.

Advanced Anatomy and Physiology A will develop an understanding of the role of the body systems in maintaining homeostasis in an animal's internal environment. In AAPA the structure and function of the cardiovascular, respiratory, central nervous and urinary systems of the body are explored in depth particularly with reference to the maintenance of homeostasis and an animal's perception of, and response to, its environment. The developed understanding of the normal functioning of these systems allows identification of the impact on the animal of abnormal function of these systems. A study of the structure and function of muscle will include its role in movement and as meat in a production setting. The overall goals of the Unit are (i) to enable students to develop a rich understanding of the relationships between body systems and structures (to be continued in ASFB). (ii) to develop generic skills particularly in oral presentation,(iii) to develop an appreciation of the links between structure and function and their relevance to animal disease and production.

This Unit of Study is designed specifically for students wishing to extend their skills and knowledge of artificial breeding technologies, and will particularly suit students intending to work in the artificial breeding industries, or in rural mixed practice, and students interested in pursuing research in reproduction and biotechnology. The practical work will primarily focus on sheep and cattle, but the Unit of Study will be of interest to those wishing to work with other species, including companion animals, pigs, laboratory animals and wildlife. The Unit of Study will integrate the disciplines of quantitative and molecular genetics, animal health, nutrition, and reproduction, including advanced reproductive technologies as applied to managed breeding and assisted reproduction programs. Students will gain practical skills in artificial insemination, embryo transfer, gamete preservation and banking, pregnancy diagnosis, molecular genetics (proof of parentage, marker assisted selection), selection of breeding stock, and management of breeding programs. By the end of this unit students will be able to: Advise on implementation and management of artificial breeding programs in production animals, companion animals, and wildlife; Demonstrate proficiency in the legal, ethical and animal welfare aspects in managing artificial breeding programs; Design and manage an artificial breeding program in sheep or cattle, including appropriate selection of breeding stock; Perform breeding soundness examinations on sheep and cattle; Perform artificial insemination, embryo recovery and transfer, and pregnancy diagnosis in sheep and cattle; Advise on appropriate nutritional regimes for breeding stock; Advise on health requirements and management for breeding stock, and on the international transfer of semen and embryos; Students will also be able to describe: Artificial breeding techniques applicable to pigs, companion animals and wildlife; Techniques of gamete and embryo preservation and banking; Advanced biotechnology techniques applicable to the AB industries.

In this Unit students will complete the study of the structure and function of organ systems in animals started in VETS8014. The role of hormones and the immune systems will be investigated in relation to maintenance of internal homeostasis. An introduction to digestion and male and female reproductive anatomy and physiology will form the basis for further applied studies in these areas in MAnSci Units of Study in Animal Nutrition and Animal Reproduction. There will be development of the generic skills of critically reading and writing.

In this Unit of Study, participants will learn to conduct animal science research in a professional and ethical manner.

In this unit of study, participants will learn to conduct animal science research in a professional and ethical manner.

In this unit of study, participants will learn to conduct animal science research in a professional and ethical manner.

In this unit of study, participants will learn to conduct animal science research in a professional and ethical manner.

This Unit of Study extends your understanding of animal health from knowledge gained in units completed in earlier years, including AVBS2001 Introduction to Veterinary Pathogenesis and AVBS3001 Agents of disease. In particular we look at general aspects of animal health and disease in terms of epidemiology, exotic/emergency diseases of risk to Australia and principles of vaccines and vaccinations. Health and disease issues relevant to various species, including sheep, cattle, pigs, poultry, fish and wildlife are presented by experts in these fields. A range of management and interventional strategies that are currently in use to minimise the impact of disease are also discussed. After completing this Unit of Study, students will demonstrate an understanding of:
the principles of animal management that are implemented to optimise health and to reduce the incidence and severity of disease; the fundamental principles of disease in animal populations; specific infectious diseases of consequence for growth, reproduction and for the production of meat, wool, milk and eggs; approaches to their control and prevention through environmental and nutritional management, and interventional techniques such as vaccination programmes. These are considered in the context of commercial animal production and the health of wildlife animals. A two day field trip to Arthursleigh farm which focuses on the management of sheep, cattle and wildlife, and a visit to the research and development field station of an international animal health company reiterate many aspects of the unit of study.

This unit will explore the various aspects of dairy farming and the dairy industry from a scientific point of view. The lectures are a mix of the principles on which sound dairy farming is based and practical examples of how this operates in practice. Ffocus is placed on integrating knowledge to gain understanding on the system of production as a whole.
At the end of this unit of study, students will demonstrate a solid understanding of: the characteristics of the dairy industry in Australia and in a world wide context; the key components of pasture-based dairy systems; principles and practices of pasture and feeding management; the application of new technologies to improve efficiency and productivity (particularly automatic milking).
In addition, students will demonstrate an appreciation of key aspects of reproduction and lactation physiology; the integration of knowledge of genetics and reproduction into the type of herd improvement structure set up in the dairy industry; the application of ruminant physiology knowledge to developing feeding programs for dairy cows; the extension of basic reproductive physiology onto the dairy farm using case studies as examples; the economics of the dairy farm business. Practical classes include milking cows; grazing and feeding management of dairy cows; calf rearing; and several visits to commercial farms ranging from small pasture-based dairy farms to a feed-lot operation milking over 2,000 cows

This Unit of Study focuses on the issues and practices in the animal industry relevant to food safety and zoonotic disease. This unit will cover general food safety issues, including risk assessment and hazard analysis of microbes and chemicals. Food-borne diseases of animal origin and their impact on public heath will be explored through the examination of zoonotic diseases in scenario-based learning activities. In these processes diagnostic and strategic methods of investigating, controlling and preventing food-borne disease outbreaks will be explored. Students will be introduced to national and international animal and human health policy pertaining to food safety regulations and surveillance initiatives and strategies that underpin these policies. Students in this unit will be introduced to the issues regarding emerging food-borne pathogens and current industry driven topics. By the end of the unit, students should have global and local perspective on the major food-borne diseases, surveillance and control programs. This unit is located at the Camden Campus.

Feed accounts for approximately 70% of the input costs associated with animal industries, including both monogastric (poultry and pigs, laboratory animals) ruminants (feedlot cattle and sheep) and caecal fermenters (horses, rabbits). The "feed industry" is described as the largest supporting industry for animal agriculture and is a major employer of graduates (undergraduate and postgraduate). Feed manufacturing is a vital part in enabling our animal industry to add value to nutrient sources that are routinely not consumed by humans and are an integral part in improving the overall sustainability of agriculture and food production. The course will provide in-depth understanding of the feed industry, our understanding of factors influencing ingredient variability and availability (physical and economical), methods and applications of processing of ingredients to increase nutrient intake, availability (digestibility), retention and reduce excretion. All facets of the production and regulation of feed production will be discussed relative to their importance in animal agriculture and food production.

The Unit of Study explores in detail aspects of commercial aquaculture, including global trends in aquaculture development. Other topics include water quality, feeding, management, health and disease, genetics and reproduction, environmental impact and economic constraints to production. The unit of study emphasises methods to improve aquacultural productivity. It builds on basic principles of anatomy, physiology, nutrition, genetics and health and disease presented in other units of study in BAnVetBioSc.
At the end of this Unit of Study, students will demonstrate an understanding of the principles of: the context of aquaculture in global food production; husbandry, management and welfare of aquaculture species; comparative aspects of husbandry in aquaria, domestic, commercial; health and disease relevant to aquaculture; nutrition of aquaculture species; reproduction and genetics of species in aquaculture; water quality and environmental impact of aquaculture; economics and marketing of aquaculture products.

This unit introduces the concepts of sheep (wool and meat) and beef cattle production in the Australian environment within the context of world food and fibre consumption and production. The key products as well as domestic and export markets for these are presented. The course provides an historical perspective of the basis for each of these industries and describes each of the production systems designed to meet the demand for these products.
Production in both the tropical and temperate regions of Australia will be covered and include the key elements of extensive grazing and intensive feedlot systems. Major issues will include breeds and breeding systems, basic nutrition and production practices and animal welfare issues as they affect the quality and quantity of product marketed.
The concepts of first stage processing of both meat and fibre products in abattoirs and top-making plants respectively will be presented. The major factors that influence the quality of product and therefore grading and market demand will be presented.
Lecture material will be supported with appropriate practical classes and a 5 day study tour to the Riverina to evaluate different commercial production systems.

This unit of study is composed of two parts, a Poultry Production component and a Pig Production component. The course will provide students with a comprehensive overview of the production of eggs and poultry meat and pork. The individual components examine various aspects of the poultry and pig production systems important in maintaining efficiency and profitability. It investigates aspects of breeding, nutrition, housing, growth performance, heath, welfare, reproductive capability, waste management, marketing and current industry issues. This unit will expand on some aspects of previous year 3 units of study in animal structure and function, nutrition and reproduction. There is a broiler growth study which comprises a significant part of the practical work in the Poultry component. There is a strong emphasis on assessment being built into the course work as this is considered to be more relevant to learning in the final year. The poultry unit has a newly commissioned pelleting mill and this will provide a wider range of opportunities for students interested in nutrition and feed processing.

Advanced Animal Behaviour and Welfare builds on the understanding of animal form and operation that students have developed in prior Units. In Advanced Animal Behaviour and Welfare the behavioural and physiological responses of mammals, birds and fish to stressors related to husbandry, housing, transport, slaughter, training and performance are explored in some detail. This unit enables students to develop a three-dimensional appreciation of the responses of animals to common interventions that arise in the context of interacting with humans, including the domestication of livestock species and the management of wildlife. The principles of animal responses to stress are illustrated with production species as the main examples.
Contemporary approaches to the scientific measurement of animal stress and welfare, based on an appropriate selection of scientific disciplines including ethology, physiology and neuroscience, are assessed with an emphasis on livestock species. Genetic, environmental and evolutionary determinants of pain, stress and fear responses in animals are considered in the light of what is known about cognition and motivation in animals. Methods for assessing and enhancing animal environments and husbandry systems are examined and the impact on animal welfare of stockmanship and human personality is explored in the context of human-animal interactions. Finally, the design and conduct of scientific experiments are assessed with a focus on animal ethics and current welfare issues.
Advanced Animal Behaviour and Welfare includes a compulsory library based assignment that provides students with an opportunity to select one species on which they report a summary of scientific advances that may contribute to animal welfare.
Other assessment tasks involve the preparation of written or oral reports of the practical class activities. Students are expected to be familiar with press articles and scientific papers on the topic of animal welfare and to contribute to classroom discussions.

To conduct and communicate the results of scientific veterinary investigation in a professional and ethical manner. Conduct of this research project may require veterinary qualifications registrable in NSW.

To conduct and communicate the results of scientific veterinary investigation in a professional and ethical manner. Conduct of this research project may require veterinary qualifications registrable in NSW.

This unit will allow students to be supervised in specific areas of study that are not covered in any existing postgraduate units in veterinary studies. The purpose of this unit may include: interest in specific practical or clinical subject area, allowing greater depth of learning following from core units of study at Graduate Certificate level; interest in enhanced knowledge of a particular discipline/species; additional learning required to support a research project or case report. Students must discuss learning outcomes, methods for achieving them, assessment and assessment criteria with their supervisor and submit documentation to the Associate Dean for Postgraduate Studies by the census date of the relevant semester.
Learning outcomes: At the end of this Unit of Study, students will be able to: Discuss the major issues associated with their subject area; Interpret and critically evaluate scientific material or information in their subject area; Make informed decisions in their subject area and implement them; Clearly communicate understanding of their subject area.

This unit will require the investigation and preparation of a case report suitable for publication in a scientific journal. The case chosen should make a novel contribution to the veterinary literature. The length of the case report will vary according to journal requirements. Oral presentation(s) will form a part of the assessment for this unit, varying according to the required length of the report. Students should discuss the case regularly with their supervisor and complete a student/supervisor agreement form early to submit to the Associate Dean, Postgraduate Studies.
At the end of this Unit of Study, students will be able to: Identify, locate and critically analyse information resources relevant to the case; Identify and communicate major issues; Accurately describe the features of a case; Communicate the interventions and outcomes of the case; Discuss the implications of the case for future cases and/or research and what aspects of the case have made a novel contribution to veterinary science in the field of study; Demonstrate technical expertise within an ethical and professional approach. Conduct of this case report may require veterinary qualifications registrable in NSW.

Veterinary interns will be rostered to consult with the University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Sydney (UVTHS) Medicine Service, primarily on first opinion cases. Interns will be supervised closely by a veterinary specialist in small animal, feline or canine medicine or by a referral medicine registrar. Veterinary interns will participate in the daily consultation, diagnostic investigation and treatment of primary accession cases. They will receive further training in problem-oriented medical case-solving and in diagnostic procedures on a case-by-case basis. Case investigation and management will be discussed on a daily basis at medicine rounds with colleagues in the medicine unit and with Program Academic Supervisors. Veterinary interns will present cases at weekly specialist medicine rounds where academics, external specialists and other practitioners attend. They will participate in weekly medicine journal club, appraising and critiquing literature relevant to small animal medicine. Opportunities for participation in clinical research projects will also be provided. This unit aims to re-inforce the principles of internal medicine as applied to the diagnostic investigation and therapy of disease in small animals. It focuses on implementation of the problem-oriented approach to medicine: defining the problems, identifying systems involved, localising lesions and identifying possible pathogenetic mechanisms of disease. It aims to show how application of this approach facilitates correct diagnosis and lays the foundation for advanced studies in internal medicine.

Veterinary interns will be rostered to consult with the University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Sydney (UVTHS) Medicine Service, primarily on first opinion cases. Interns will be supervised closely by a veterinary specialist in small animal, feline or canine medicine or by a referral medicine registrar. Veterinary interns will participate in the daily consultation, diagnostic investigation and treatment of primary accession cases. They will receive further training in problem-oriented medical case-solving and in diagnostic procedures on a case-by-case basis. Case investigation and management will be discussed on a daily basis at medicine rounds with colleagues in the medicine unit and with Program Academic Supervisors. Veterinary interns will present cases at weekly specialist medicine rounds where academics, external specialists and other practitioners attend. They will participate in weekly medicine journal club, appraising and critiquing literature relevant to small animal medicine. Opportunities for participation in clinical research projects will also be provided. This unit aims to re-inforce the principles of internal medicine as applied to the diagnostic investigation and therapy of disease in small animals. It focuses on implementation of the problem-oriented approach to medicine: defining the problems, identifying systems involved, localising lesions and identifying possible pathogenetic mechanisms of disease. It aims to show how application of this approach facilitates correct diagnosis and lays the foundation for advanced studies in internal medicine.

Veterinary interns will participate in second opinion, referral, in-house and primary accession consultations with the University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Sydney Surgery Service. They will participate in surgical procedures performed by the surgery service. Veterinary interns will perform surgical procedures on primary accession cases and participate in a spey clinic. They will be closely supervised by a surgery specialist or surgery referral registrar. Case management will be discussed at daily surgery rounds and on a case-by-case basis with supervisors.
At the end of this unit of study, students will: Apply effective problem solving skills, including consideration of differential diagnoses, and the use of appropriate and cost effective diagnostic aids to diagnose the common surgical conditions of small animals; Develop and implement appropriate surgical techniques for common conditions in small animals; Communicate effectively with clients regarding the management, treatment and relevant costs involved with the surgical conditions of their animals; Communicate effectively, orally and through appropriate sources of veterinary literature, with fellow veterinarians within the University and wider veterinary community; Work effectively individually and part of a team, including provision of support and advice to junior and senior colleagues; Demonstrate an ability to adapt to an environment of change and make decisions and act accordingly in unpredictable circumstances that might be encountered in small animal surgery; Demonstrate an ability to instruct/supervise junior colleagues in ovariohysterectomy and castration of small animals, through practical and theoretical demonstration of knowledge of the anatomy of the abdominal wall, urogenital tract, anatomical features that may complicate or facilitate ovariohysterectomy/ castration, advantages and disadvantages of open and closed castration.

At the end of this Unit of Study, students should be able to: Demonstrate the ability to consistently and accurately assess a broad range of animal patients in terms of anaesthetic risk by integrating information obtained from the results of a physical examination and the interpretation of laboratory and other diagnostic tests; Demonstrate the ability to formulate logical, structured, flexible and appropriate anaesthetic and analgesia regimens for a variety of patients, including those which are healthy and those presenting with common disease conditions; Demonstrate the ability to safely induce and maintain anaesthesia in healthy patients and those presenting with common disease conditions. Included in this is the demonstrated ability to monitor, accurately assess and respond appropriately to changes in anaesthetic depth and to recognise and respond appropriately to complications that may arise in the perioperative period as well as the ability to recognise and respond anaesthetic depth and to recognise and respond appropriately to complications that may arise in the perioperative period as well as the ability to recognise and respond appropriately to pain in cats and dogs; Demonstrate the ability to consistently maintain complete and structured anaesthetic records.

At the end of this Unit of Study, students will develop skills in the use of diagnostic imaging in small animal clinical studies including: An ability to interpret and evaluate the clinical and pathophysiological features of disease of small animals as related to veterinary diagnostic imaging; A demonstrable skill in interpretation and reporting of radiographic and sonographic images; Knowledge of special diagnostic imaging procedures, including radiography, ultrasonography and other imaging modalities, including the pharmacology of radiographic contrast media and their physiological effects; Ability to perform and interpret the findings of an abdominal ultrasound examination in a dog and a cat.

This unit of study provides an introduction to the wildlife of Australasia, an overview of the present status of that wildlife, and an understanding of both conservation problems and management solutions. Issues in wildlife management are exemplified using a broad range of vertebrate species occupying different environments. Emphasis is placed on providing students with a coordinated and interdisciplinary approach to wildlife health and management, and on developing expertise in recognising and solving a broad range of problems in field populations. The unit integrates lectures, practical work and supervised study, and offers students the opportunity to work through real-world wildlife conservation problems relevant to their individual backgrounds.

This unit of study provides a first-hand introduction to the wildlife of Australasia, a practical overview of the present status of that wildlife, and an understanding of both conservation problems and management solutions. Issues in wildlife management are exemplified using sampling and diagnostic methods on a broad range of vertebrate species occupying different environments. The unit follows on from WILD5001 and provides practical experience via a five day field trip at the university farm "Arthursleigh" near Marulan NSW.

This unit of study provides an introduction to the health issues confronting wildlife in Australasia, an overview of the health status of that wildlife, and an understanding of both the investigation of health problems and the effective management of these. Issues in wildlife disease management are exemplified using a broad range of vertebrate species occupying different environments. Emphasis is placed on providing students with a coordinated and interdisciplinary approach to wildlife health, and on developing expertise in recognising and solving a broad range of health problems in field populations. The unit is taught intensively in a full-time week on the Camden campus, with one day spent on a field trip to Taronga Zoo. The unit integrates lectures, practical work and supervised study, and offer students the opportunity to work through real-world wildlife conservation problems relevant to their individual backgrounds.

Vertebrate pests occur in many parts of the world, and can pose significant problems for management of habitat, agricultural productivity, human and wildlife health. This unit focuses on vertebrates that have been introduced to new environments, and considers in detail the impacts and management of pest vertebrates in Australia. Steps in pest management are reviewed, from problem analysis to acceptable levels of control, using case studies of cane toads, rabbits, house mice and red foxes. Traditional mortality methods of management are reviewed, and emphasis placed on developing methods based on fertility control. The Unit is taught in a full-time week at the university farm "Arthursleigh" near Marulan NSW. There are lectures, tutorials, and a variety of practical classes.

Wildlife populations do not remain static, but change in size and composition over both time and space. The challenge for managers is to recognise when change in target populations exceeds acceptable limits and intervention is necessary. This unit of study develops skills in assessing population status and recognising differences between 'small populations' and 'declining populations'. It introduces methods used in population pattern analysis, demographic analysis, threat and resource assessment, and determination of health, emphasising the value of a coordinated and interdisciplinary approach to problem recognition and resolution. This course is taught at both the Royal National Park and the main campus of the University of Sydney.

Wildlife populations are under a variety of threats, most of which result from human activities. Modern conservation biology seeks practical solutions to these problems, using a wide variety of options. These options may include captive breeding and re-introduction programs, provided that a range of biological, ethical and politico-economic issues are addressed. This unit of study will provide students with the ability to evaluate the likely cost-effectiveness of such programs. It will also develop knowledge of the technologies available to capture and translocate wildlife, and of the planning required to ensure the best possible chance of success. The Unit is taught in a full-time week at Western Plains Zoo in Dubbo, NSW. The unit integrates lectures, tutorials, practical work and supervised study, and offers students the opportunity to examine real-world problems in the conservation and management of threatened wildlife populations using case studies relevant to their individual backgrounds.

A valuable opportunity to apply some of the knowledge gained from earlier coursework, WILD5009 comprises a research project on a topic with significant emphasis on wildlife health and/or population management, as arranged between the student and an appropriate supervisor. This research experience is highly valued by prospective employers as it shows a willingness and ability to undertake guided but independent research. The project is not conducted by way of contact hours per week for a semester. Instead the student is expected to work on the project full-time and in a continuous manner for the semester. This unit of study is available only to students enrolled in the Master of Applied Science (Wildlife Health and Population Management).

This unit of study provides a broad overview of the primary issues in, and theoretical approaches to, bioethics. Following an introduction to the history of bioethics and review of the major theoretical approaches to applied ethics, central debates in bioethics surrounding doctor-patient relationships, informed consent, privacy/confidentiality, research ethics, abortion, euthanasia, genetics, cloning, stem cell research, justice and distribution of health care resources, etc., are examined. In addition to classical cases and traditional theoretical perspectives, emerging topics and alternative perspectives are explored. The unit concludes with the topic of global public health and socio-political critique(s) of the discipline of bioethics itself. Learning activities will include seminars, small group sessions, and project work.

This unit introduces students to research ethics in its social context. Students will first analyse the philosophical underpinnings of the research endeavour, including the justifications for engaging in research, research priorities and research integrity. The unit will then review the history of research and research abuses, the evolution of research ethics and the regulation of research in Australia. The second part of the unit will focus on issues arising in the conduct of research including; the protection of research subjects (both human and animal), consent, confidentiality and risk/benefit analysis.

This unit will provide students with an overview of the broader philosophical, ethical, sociopolitical and cultural issues that underlie public health and public health research. Students will first review the history of public health and examine the values that underpin health promotion and disease prevention. The second part of the unit will critique the place of facts and values in public health and the construction and use of information, with particular reference to evidence-based-medicine. The third part of the unit will examine the cultural, moral and social context of public health including the social determinants of health, the construction of health services, the determination of research priorities and issues relating to human rights and global health. Learning activities will include 2-hour weekly seminars and readings. Assessment tasks will consist of essays and a presentation/project.

This unit aims to provide students with an introduction to statistical concepts, their use and relevance in public health. This unit covers descriptive analyses to summarise and display data; concepts underlying statistical inference; basic statistical methods for the analysis of continuous and binary data; and statistical aspects of study design. Specific topics include: sampling; probability distributions; sampling distribution of the mean; confidence interval and significance tests for one-sample, two paired samples and two independent samples for continuous data and also binary data; correlation and simple linear regression; distribution-free methods for two paired samples, two independent samples and correlation; power and sample size estimation for simple studies; statistical aspects of study design and analysis. Students will be required to perform analyses using a calculator and will also be required to conduct analyses using statistical software (SPSS). It is expected that students spend an additional 2 hours per week preparing for their tutorials. Computing tasks are self-directed.